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Antitrust Enforcement for the 21 st Century

机译:21世纪的反托拉斯执法

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Market competition is faltering in important parts of the U.S. economy. Measures commonly used by economists to evaluate firm-level economic performance now indicate that many firms have market power and are earning profits above competitive levels. The expected response—the entry of new firms that want to earn a share of those higher returns in those markets—has not happened. This is a consequence of barriers to entry, arising from a variety of sources including increased market concentration, the increased use of intellectual property protection in the form of patents, the rise of business models dependent on network externalities, and the rising importance of digital data as an input in production. The principal conclusion of this article is that antitrust policy must be reoriented to effectively limit the creation of barriers to entry. An example of how merger policy could be changed is developed.
机译:在美国经济的重要部分,市场竞争步履蹒跚。现在,经济学家通常用来评估企业水平的经济绩效的指标表明,许多企业具有市场支配力,并且所获得的利润高于竞争水平。期望的反应(希望在这些市场中获得较高回报的新公司的进入)并未发生。这是进入障碍的结果,其进入的原因有多种,包括市场集中度提高,专利形式的知识产权保护使用增加,依赖于网络外部性的商业模式的兴起以及数字数据的重要性不断提高作为生产中的投入。本文的主要结论是,必须重新调整反托拉斯政策的方向,以有效地限制进入壁垒的产生。开发了如何更改合并政策的示例。

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