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Competition and deregulation: a review of Irish experience

机译：竞争与放松管制：爱尔兰经验的回顾

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More than 10 years after the introduction of the 1991 Competition Act, it is clear that much remains to be done in terms of developing and strengthening competition policy in Ireland. Crucial policy choices still have to be made at both the national and EU level. The 1991 Act indicated a recognition by policy makers that increased competition could play a key role in improving economic performance. This was reinforced by the subsequent decision to introduce serious penalties for breaches of the legislation. However, resource constraints have undoubtedly hindered the Authority and militated against stringent enforcement. Somewhat belatedly the Government has responded with a commitment to increase the Authority's resources and has acted to strengthen the legislation for the third time in 11 years, although the new legislation contains some potentially serious flaws. There have been welcome steps toward the introduction of a more competitive regime in public utilities but again much still remains to be done. The case of taxis, public houses and a number of other sectors suggest that action is needed to remove regulatory barriers to competition in many other areas. As the National Competitiveness Council observed: Measures designed to reform regulatory structures and competition policy rarely receive unanimous support. As with any change in economic policy, reform of regulatory and competition policy will lead to losses for some members of society even when the end result is improved economic performance and productivity. When regulatory or competition policy reform results in increased competition for incumbent firms, the employees and shareholders of incumbent firms are likely to suffer economic losses. For all these reasons, universal support should not be a requirement for, implementing changes in regulatory and competition policy.
机译：1991年《竞争法》出台十多年来，很明显，在爱尔兰制定和加强竞争政策方面还有许多工作要做。在国家和欧盟层面仍然必须做出重要的政策选择。 1991年法令表明决策者认识到，增加竞争可以在改善经济绩效中发挥关键作用。随后的决定对违反法律的行为处以严厉的处罚，从而加强了这一点。但是，资源方面的限制无疑阻碍了管理局并不利于严格执行。迟来的政府作出了回应，承诺增加管理局的资源，并已采取行动，这是11年以来的第三次加强立法，尽管新立法存在一些潜在的严重缺陷。为在公共事业中引入​​更具竞争力的制度已采取了令人欢迎的步骤，但仍有许多工作要做。出租车，公共房屋和许多其他部门的案例表明，需要采取行动消除许多其他领域竞争的监管障碍。正如国家竞争力委员会所观察到的：旨在改革监管结构和竞争政策的措施很少获得一致支持。与经济政策的任何变化一样，即使最终结果是改善的经济绩效和生产率，监管和竞争政策的改革也将给社会的某些成员带来损失。当监管或竞争政策改革导致对在位企业的竞争加剧时，在位企业的员工和股东可能会遭受经济损失。由于所有这些原因，实施监管和竞争政策的变更不应要求普遍支持。

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