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首页> 外文期刊>Apoptosis >Apoptotic microtubule network organization and maintenance depend on high cellular ATP levels and energized mitochondria
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Apoptotic microtubule network organization and maintenance depend on high cellular ATP levels and energized mitochondria

机译：凋亡微管网络的组织和维持取决于高细胞ATP水平和充满活力的线粒体

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Microtubule cytoskeleton is reformed during apoptosis, forming a cortical structure beneath plasma membrane, which plays an important role in preserving cell morphology and plasma membrane integrity. However, the maintenance of the apoptotic microtubule network (AMN) during apoptosis is not understood. In the present study, we examined apoptosis induced by camptothecin (CPT), a topoisomerase I inhibitor, in human H460 and porcine LLCPK-1α cells. We demonstrate that AMN was organized in apoptotic cells with high ATP levels and hyperpolarized mitochondria and, on the contrary, was dismantled in apoptotic cells with low ATP levels and mitochondrial depolarization. AMN disorganization after mitochondrial depolarization was associated with increased plasma membrane permeability assessed by enhancing LDH release and increased intracellular calcium levels. Living cell imaging monitoring of both, microtubule dynamics and mitochondrial membrane potential, showed that AMN persists during apoptosis coinciding with cycles of mitochondrial hyperpolarization. Eventually, AMN was disorganized when mitochondria suffered a large depolarization and cell underwent secondary necrosis. AMN stabilization by taxol prevented LDH release and calcium influx even though mitochondria were depolarized, suggesting that AMN is essential for plasma membrane integrity. Furthermore, high ATP levels and mitochondria polarization collapse after oligomycin treatment in apoptotic cells suggest that ATP synthase works in “reverse” mode during apoptosis. These data provide new explanations for the role of AMN and mitochondria during apoptosis.
机译：微管细胞骨架在细胞凋亡过程中进行重组，在质膜下形成皮质结构，在保持细胞形态和质膜完整性方面起着重要作用。但是，尚不了解凋亡过程中凋亡微管网络（AMN）的维持。在本研究中，我们研究了拓扑异构酶I抑制剂喜树碱（CPT）在人H460和猪LLCPK-1α细胞中诱导的凋亡。我们证明AMN在具有高ATP水平和线粒体超极化的凋亡细胞中组织，相反，在具有低ATP水平和线粒体去极化的凋亡细胞中被拆除。线粒体去极化后的AMN紊乱与通过增加LDH释放和增加的细胞内钙水平评估的增加的质膜通透性有关。对微管动力学和线粒体膜电位的活细胞成像监测表明，AMN在细胞凋亡过程中持续存在，与线粒体超极化的周期相吻合。最终，当线粒体遭受很大的去极化并且细胞经历继发性坏死时，AMN变得混乱。即使线粒体被去极化，紫杉醇对AMN的稳定作用也阻止了LDH的释放和钙的流入，这表明AMN对于质膜完整性至关重要。此外，凋亡细胞经过寡霉素处理后，高ATP水平和线粒体极化崩溃，这表明ATP合酶在凋亡过程中以“反向”模式起作用。这些数据为AMN和线粒体在细胞凋亡中的作用提供了新的解释。

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