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Effects of unattended speech on performance and subjective distraction: The role of acoustic design in open-plan offices

机译：无人值守的语音对表演和主观分心的影响：声学设计在开放式办公室中的作用

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Unattended background speech is a known source of cognitive and subjective distraction in open-plan offices. This study investigated whether the deleterious effects of background speech can be affected by room acoustic design that decreases speech intelligibility, as measured by the Speech Transmission Index (STI). The experiment was conducted in an open-plan office laboratory (84 m~2) in which four acoustic conditions were physically built. Three conditions contained background speech. A quiet condition was included for comparison. The speech conditions differed in terms of the degree of absorption, screen height, desk isolation, and the level of masking sound. The speech sounds simulated an environment where phone conversations are heard from different locations varying in distance. Ninety-eight volunteers were tested. The presence of background speech had detrimental effects on the subjective perceptions of noise effects and on cognitive performance in short-term memory and working memory tasks. These effects were not attenuated nor amplified within a three-hour working period. The reduction of the STI by room acoustic means decreased subjective disturbance, whereas the effects on cognitive performance were somewhat smaller than expected. The effects of room acoustic design on subjective distraction were stronger among noise-sensitive subjects, suggesting that they benefited more from acoustic improvements than non-sensitive subjects. The results imply that reducing the STI is beneficial for performance and acoustic satisfaction especially regarding speech coming from more distant desks. However, acoustic design does not sufficiently decrease the distraction caused by speech from adjacent desks.
机译：在开放式办公室中，无人值守的背景演讲是引起认知和主观干扰的已知来源。这项研究调查了通过语音传输指数（STI）来衡量的降低语音清晰度的室内声学设计是否会影响背景语音的有害影响。实验是在一个开放式办公室实验室（84 m〜2）中进行的，其中物理构建了四个声学条件。三个条件包含背景演讲。包括一个安静的条件用于比较。语音条件在吸收程度，屏幕高度，桌子隔离度和掩蔽声音水平方面有所不同。语音模拟了一个环境，在这个环境中，可以从距离不同的不同位置听到电话交谈。测试了98名志愿者。背景语音的存在对噪声记忆的主观感知以及短期记忆和工作记忆任务的认知表现有不利影响。在三个小时的工作时间内，这些影响没有减弱或放大。通过室内声学手段降低STI可以减少主观干扰，而对认知表现的影响则比预期的要小。在对噪声敏感的受试者中，房间声学设计对主观干扰的影响更强，这表明与不敏感的受试者相比，他们从声学改进中受益更多。结果表明，降低STI有助于提高性能和声学满意度，尤其是对于来自较远办公桌的语音。但是，声学设计不能充分减少相邻桌间语音引起的干扰。

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