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Sound localization of stereo reproduction with parametric loudspeakers

机译：使用参数扬声器对立体声再现进行声音定位

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摘要

A parametric loudspeaker radiates an audible signal by the interaction of the primary wave that is amplitude modulated and is known as a super-directivity loudspeaker. The parametric loudspeaker is one of the prominent applications of nonlinear acoustics. So far, the applications have been limited monaural reproduction sound system for public address in museum, station, street etc. In this paper, we investigated sound localization of stereo reproduction using two parametric loudspeakers in comparison with that using two ordinary dynamic loudspeakers. In subjective tests, the binaural information ILD (Interau-ral Level Difference) or ITD (Interaural Time Delay) was focused on. To investigate the characteristics of sound localization in a wide listening area, three typical listening positions were picked up. Signals were 500 Hz, 1 kHz, 2 kHz and 4 kHz pure tones and pink noise. The used parametric loudspeaker was an equilateral hexagon. The subjective test led to the results that when the parametric loudspeakers were used, the listeners at the three typical listening positions perceived the correct sound localization of not only pure tone but also pink noise and when the ordinary dynamic loudspeakers were used, except for the case of pure tone with ITD, the tendency was almost similar to those using the parametric loudspeakers. The second subjective tests were conducted in order to investigate in details the difference between parametric loudspeakers and ordinary dynamic loudspeakers by increasing the number of subjects. In the case of ITD and 500 Hz using the ordinary dynamic loudspeakers, three types of sound localization were categorized, in which the reversed type was major and the normal and the other types were minor. The ILDs which were measured with a dummy head and were calculated with several formulas were almost the same and indicated the reasons of the reversed typed sound localization and a serious influence of the crosstalk. It was found that in the case of pure tone with ITD, the contradiction between the binaural information ILD and ITD is remarkable, because the directivity of the ordinary dynamic loudspeakers was so dull that the crosstalk components had a serious influence on sound localization. It was determined the parametric loudspeaker could transmit correct binaural information to the listener, because the directivity of the parametric loudspeakers was so sharp that it suppressed the cross talk components.
机译：参数扬声器通过振幅调制的一次波的相互作用辐射可听信号，这被称为超指向性扬声器。参数扬声器是非线性声学的重要应用之一。到目前为止，应用仅限于博物馆，车站，街道等公共场所的单声道再现声音系统。本文中，我们研究了使用两个参量扬声器与使用两个普通动态扬声器进行立体声再现的声音定位。在主观测试中，重点放在双耳信息ILD（耳间水平差）或ITD（耳间延时）上。为了调查在宽广的聆听区域中声音定位的特征，选取了三个典型的聆听位置。信号为500 Hz，1 kHz，2 kHz和4 kHz纯音和粉红噪声。使用的参量扬声器是等边六边形。主观测试得出的结果是，当使用参数扬声器时，三个典型聆听位置的听众不仅可以听到纯音而且还可以听到粉红噪声的正确声音定位，并且在使用普通动态扬声器时（情况除外）如果使用ITD进行纯音，则趋势几乎与使用参数扬声器的趋势相似。进行第二次主观测试是为了通过增加主体数量来详细研究参数扬声器和普通动态扬声器之间的差异。在使用普通动态扬声器的ITD和500 Hz的情况下，声音的定位分为三种类型，其中倒置类型为主要，普通类型为其他，次要类型为次要。用虚拟磁头测量并通过几个公式计算出的ILD几乎相同，这表明类型反转的声音本地化的原因以及串扰的严重影响。发现在使用ITD进行纯音的情况下，双耳信息ILD和ITD之间的矛盾非常明显，这是因为普通动态扬声器的指向性很沉闷，以致串扰分量严重影响了声音的定位。确定参数扬声器可以将正确的双耳信息传输到听众，因为参数扬声器的指向性非常明显，以至于抑制了串扰分量。

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  • 来源
    《Applied Acoustics》 |2012年第12期|p.1289-1295|共7页
  • 作者

    Shigeaki Aoki; Masayoshi Toba; Norihisa Tsujita;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Kanazawa Institute of Technology, 7-1 Ohgigaoka, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8501, Japan;

    Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Kanazawa Institute of Technology, 7-1 Ohgigaoka, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8501, Japan;

    Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Kanazawa Institute of Technology, 7-1 Ohgigaoka, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8501, Japan;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    parametric loudspeaker; stereo reproduction;

    机译：参数扬声器立体声再现;

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