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首页> 外文期刊>Applied Acoustics >Who is whistling? Localizing and identifying phonating dolphins in captivity
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Who is whistling? Localizing and identifying phonating dolphins in captivity

机译：谁在吹口哨？在囚禁中定位和识别海豚

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Acoustic communication through whistles is well developed in dolphins. However, little is known on how dolphins are using whistles because localizing the sound source is not an easy task. In the present study, the hyperbola method was used to localize the sound source using a two-hydrophone array. A combined visual and acoustic method was used to determine the identity of the whistling dolphin. In an aquarium in Mexico City where two adult bottlenose dolphins were housed we recorded 946 whistles during 22 days. We found that a dolphin was located along the calculated hyperbola for 72.9% of the whistles, but only for 60.3% of the whistles could we determine the identity of the whistling dolphin. However, sometimes it was possible to use other cues to identify the whistling dolphin. It could be the animal that performed a behavior named "observation" at the time whistling occurred or, when a whistle was only recorded on one channel, the whistling dolphin could be the animal located closest to the hydrophone that captured the whistle. Using these cues, 15.4% of the whistles were further ascribed to either dolphin to obtain an overall identification efficiency of 75.7%. Our results show that a very simple and inexpensive acoustic setup can lead to a reasonable number of identifications of the captive whistling dolphin: this is the first study to report such a high rate of whistles identified to the free swimming, captive dolphin that produced them. Therefore, we have a data set with which we can investigate how dolphins are using whistles. This method can be applied in other aquaria where a small number of dolphins is housed; though, the actual efficiency of this method will depend on how often dolphins spend time next to each other and on the reverberation conditions of the pool.
机译：在海豚中，通过口哨进行的声音交流非常发达。但是，对于海豚如何使用哨子知之甚少，因为定位声源并不是一件容易的事。在本研究中，双曲线方法用于使用两个水听器阵列定位声源。视觉和听觉相结合的方法被用来确定呼啸海豚的身份。在安置了两只成年宽吻海豚的墨西哥城水族馆中，我们记录了22天的946声哨声。我们发现，沿着计算出的双曲线，有72.9％的哨子位于海豚中，但是只有60.3％的哨子才能够确定啸叫的海豚的身份。但是，有时可以使用其他提示来识别呼啸的海豚。可能是动物在吹口哨时执行了称为“观察”的行为，或者，如果仅在一个通道上记录了口哨，则吹口哨的海豚可能是最靠近捕获口哨的水听器的动物。使用这些提示，将15.4％的口哨进一步归因于任何一种海豚，以使总识别效率达到75.7％。我们的结果表明，非常简单且便宜的声学设置可以导致对圈养海豚的鉴定数量合理：这是第一项报告，将如此高的哨声报告给产生它们的自由游泳圈养海豚。因此，我们有一个数据集，可用来调查海豚如何使用口哨。这种方法可用于其他装有少量海豚的水族馆。但是，此方法的实际效率将取决于海豚彼此相邻花费的时间以及池的混响条件。

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