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Modelling of an airflow window and numerical investigation of its thermal performances by comparison to conventional double and triple-glazed windows

机译：与传统的双层和三层玻璃窗相比，气流窗的建模及其热性能的数值研究

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In this paper, we numerically investigate thermal characteristics and performances of a triple-glazed airflow window, by comparison to conventional double and triple-glazed ones. Numerical simulations were performed with a nodal model of the airflow window, which has been first validated from experiments.Both experimental and numerical results show that the air supply preheating through the airflow window is significant, ranging from approximately 10-20 degrees C without solar radiation and during sunny periods, respectively. In the first case, the energy gain comes from both solar radiation and heat loss recovery through the window, while only from heat loss recovery in the second one. Then, additional simulations have been performed in order to compare the airflow window to a conventional airflow ventilation system combined to conventional double and triple-glazed windows. Numerical results point out that, due to the entering fresh outdoor air, the airflow window causes a stronger cold wall effect. However, at the same time, it reduces cold draught risks (air supply preheating of about 10 degrees C) and heat losses too. Indeed, for the same reason, the outer face temperature of the airflow window glazing is low and subsequently external heat transfers by convection and radiation reduced.Results also show that, in comparison to conventional windows, energy needs to heat a room are lower if this one is equipped with an airflow window. The reduction approximately ranges from 5% for night-time to 90% for daylight conditions. The main reason is the significant reduction in energy needs to heat the fresh air entering the room, by 36% and 79%, respectively. For an entire day, we found that the energy balance sheet is approximately neutral for an airflow window (-70 Wh), while negative for conventional double and triple-glazed ones (-572 Wh and -653 Wh, respectively).Finally, we compare and discuss the airflow window performance in terms of thermal transmittances, U-g and U-w values, and solar heat gain coefficients, g(g) and g(w) values. Results obtained for the airflow window point out that U-g and U-w significantly decrease when the airflow rate increases, due to an increase in the air supply preheating, especially until 15 m(3) h(-1). Results also show that it outperforms the double-glazed window at any airflow rate and the triple-glazed one for airflow rates from just 3 m(3) h(-1). At the opposite, g(g) and g(w) increase with the airflow rate, especially until 15 m(3) h(-1) and the comparison points out that the airflow window out-performs both the double and triple-glazed ones at any airflow rate. As an example, for an airflow rate of
机译：与常规的双层玻璃和三层玻璃窗相比，本文通过数值研究了三层玻璃窗的热特性和性能。数值模拟是通过气流窗的节点模型进行的，该模型已首先通过实验进行验证。实验和数值结果均表明，通过气流窗的供气预热非常重要，范围约为10-20摄氏度，无太阳辐射和分别在晴天。在第一种情况下，能量获取既来自太阳辐射，也来自通过窗户的热损失回收，而仅来自第二种情况。然后，已经执行了附加的模拟，以便将气流窗口与组合到常规双层玻璃窗和三层玻璃窗的常规气流通风系统进行比较。数值结果表明，由于进入室外新鲜空气，气流窗口引起更强的冷壁效应。但是，与此同时，它降低了冷风风险（供气预热约10摄氏度）和热损失。的确，由于同样的原因，气流窗玻璃的外表面温度较低，随后通过对流和辐射进行的外部热传递也减少了。结果还表明，与传统的窗户相比，如果加热这种玻璃，则所需的能量较低一间配有气流窗。减少的范围从夜间的5％到白天的90％。主要原因是加热进入房间的新鲜空气所需的能源显着减少，分别减少了36％和79％。一整天，我们发现能量平衡表对于气流窗口（-70 Wh）大约是中性的，而对于传统的双层和三层玻璃窗（分别为-572 Wh和-653 Wh）则为负。比较和讨论空气透过窗的传热率，Ug和Uw值以及太阳热增益系数g（g）和g（w）值。对于气流窗口获得的结果指出，由于送风预热的增加，尤其是直到15 m（3）h（-1）时，当气流速率增加时，U-g和U-w显着降低。结果还表明，在仅3 m（3）h（-1）的气流速率下，它在任何风量下的性能都优于双层玻璃窗，而在三层玻璃上则要好。相反，g（g）和g（w）随气流速率增加，特别是直到15 m（3）h（-1）为止，并且比较指出，气流窗口的性能优于双层和三层玻璃任何风量的例如，风量为

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