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Energy-efficient and -economic technologies for air conditioning with vapor compression refrigeration: A comprehensive review

机译：蒸汽压缩制冷空调的节能经济技术：全面回顾

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摘要

Vapor Compression Refrigeration Systems (VCRS) are widely used to provide cooling or freezing for domestic/office buildings, supermarkets, data centres, etc., which expend 15% of globally electricity and contribute to similar to 10% of greenhouse gas emissions globally. It is reported that cooling demand is expected to grow tenfold by 2050. Therefore, it is critical to improve the efficiency of the VCRS. In this paper, a comprehensive review of advanced and hot technologies is conducted for the VCRS. These technologies include radiative cooling, cold energy storage, defrosting and frost-free, temperature and humidity independent control (THIC), ground source heat pump (GSHP), refrigerant subcooling, and condensing heat recovery. Radiative cooling could produce a cold source similar to 8 degrees C lower than the surroundings, which reduces the electricity consumption of the VCRS by similar to 21%; cold energy storage is used to shift the peak cooling load, and as a result, the electricity consumption and operation cost of the VCRS could be reduced by similar to 12% and similar to 32%, respectively; frosting is a big issue of the VCRS especially for freezing applications, and more than 60% of electricity consumption for defrosting could be saved with the advanced defrosting and frost-free technologies; THIC deals with the building sensible load and latent load separately, which not only increases the COP of the VCRS by similar to 35%, but also improves the building thermal comfort; GSHP uses the ground as a low-temperature cooling source for condensing the refrigerant in the VCRS in summer, which decreases the condensing temperature by 5 degrees C and correspondingly increases the COP of the VCRS by similar to 14%; refrigerant subcooling and condensing heat recovery can increase the refrigerating capacity and achieve multi-functions of the VCRS, respectively. The review is summarized in terms of the technology classification, basic ideas, advantages/disadvantages, current research status and efforts to be made in the future.
机译：蒸气压缩制冷系统（VCRS）被广泛用于为住宅/办公楼，超级市场，数据中心等提供制冷或冷冻，其消耗全球电力的15％，占全球温室气体排放量的10％。据报道，到2050年，制冷需求预计将增长十倍。因此，提高VCRS的效率至关重要。在本文中，对VCRS进行了先进和热门技术的全面综述。这些技术包括辐射冷却，冷能存储，除霜和无霜，温度和湿度独立控制（THIC），地源热泵（GSHP），制冷剂过冷和冷凝热回收。辐射冷却可以产生比周围环境低约8摄氏度的冷源，这使VCRS的电耗降低了约21％；通过冷能存储来转移峰值制冷负荷，因此，VCRS的耗电量和运行成本可分别降低约12％和约32％。霜冻是VCRS的一个大问题，尤其是对于冷冻应用而言，先进的除霜和无霜技术可以节省60％以上的除霜用电； THIC分别处理建筑物的敏感负荷和潜在负荷，这不仅使VCRS的COP增大了35％，而且还改善了建筑物的热舒适性； GSHP在夏季利用地面作为低温冷却源来冷凝VCRS中的制冷剂，这使冷凝温度降低了5摄氏度，相应地使VCRS的COP升高了约14％。制冷剂过冷和冷凝热回收可以分别提高制冷能力并实现VCRS的多功能性。综述根据技术分类，基本思想，优缺点，当前研究现状以及未来的努力进行了总结。

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