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首页> 外文期刊>Applied Energy >Supercritical water gasification of Kraft black liquor: Process design, analysis, pulp mill integration and economic evaluation
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Supercritical water gasification of Kraft black liquor: Process design, analysis, pulp mill integration and economic evaluation

机译：牛皮纸黑液的超临界水气化：工艺设计，分析，制浆厂整合和经济评价

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Supercritical water is a practical processing medium for the treatment of weak black liquor (WBL) produced from pulp digesters in Kraft mill operations. WBL is characterized as a bio-feed with considerable thermal potential, but also a challenging high water content (similar to 82 wt.%) and high inorganic to organic ratio for thermochemical conversion. The advantageous thermo-physical properties of water near to and beyond the critical point allow for the valorization of the organic content into a product gas, while enabling the efficient recycle of the inorganic pulping chemicals. Detailed process models were developed on Aspen Plus (R) and commercial spreadsheet software to examine the impact of an integrated Sub/supercritical water (SCW) reactor system on the mill material and energy flows. When considering the three energy co-products: gas, solids and hot water: the stand-alone SCW reactor system had a system efficiency of 83% and 80% for a 450 degrees C and 600 degrees C operating reactor temperature, respectively. The inorganic fraction of the solid SCW co-product and the aqueous by-product provide a synergetic effect as drop-in material streams within the chemicals recovery cycle. By redirecting the WBL to the SCW reactor system, pulp production capacity could be increased by 75%, while matching mill energy requirements and, with minimum disruptions to the mill chemistry. Under the economic assumptions of this study, a 30-50% WBL split fraction to the SCW reactor system improves the minimum selling price of the pulp product compared to a reference Nordic softwood mill with 800 k air-dried ton pulp capacity per year.
机译：超临界水是一种实用的处理介质，用于处理牛皮纸厂运营中由纸浆蒸煮器产生的稀黑液（WBL）。 WBL的特点是具有很高的热潜能的生物饲料，但对于热化学转化而言，也是具有挑战性的高水含量（约82 wt。％）和高无机/有机比例。接近和超过临界点的水的有利的热物理性质允许将有机成分增值成产物气，同时使无机制浆化学品得以有效循环。在Aspen Plus（R）和商业电子表格软件上开发了详细的过程模型，以检查集成的次/超临界水（SCW）反应器系统对工厂物料和能量流的影响。当考虑三种能源副产品：气体，固体和热水时，独立的SCW反应堆系统在450℃和600℃的反应堆温度下的系统效率分别为83％和80％。固体SCW副产物的无机部分和含水副产物在化学品回收周期内作为落入物料流提供协同作用。通过将WBL重定向到SCW反应器系统，可以将纸浆生产能力提高75％，同时满足工厂的能源需求，并且对工厂化学物质的破坏最小。在这项研究的经济假设下，与每年80万风干吨制浆能力的参比北欧针叶木厂相比，SCW反应器系统将WBL分馏比例提高30-50％，可以提高纸浆产品的最低销售价格。

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