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Water-energy-ecosystem nexus in small run-of-river hydropower:Optimal design and policy

机译：水能 - 生态系统Nexus在小河流水电中：最优设计与政策

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Small run-of-river hydropower may significantly contribute towards meeting global renewable energy targets. However, exploitation of river flows for energy production triggers environmental impacts and conflicts among stakeholders, thereby requiring optimal water resources allocation strategies. The variety of interests at stake demands instruments to quantitatively assess manifold effects of water management choices. In this work, analytic tools to guide design of run-of-river power plants when incommensurable objectives must be jointly maximized are presented. The approach is grounded on the concept of Paretian efficiency and applied to a hypothetical case study in Scotland, where energy production could compete with regionally relevant ecosystem services. We found that a multi-objective design complying with predefined environmental regulation entails significant economic losses without safeguarding ecological functions. Conversely, if the environmental flow is regarded as a decision variable subject to minimum lawful values, economically appealing and ecologically effective plant configurations emerge. Our findings suggest the existence of broadly valid alternative strategies for designing small run-of-river hydropower while preserving ecological functions, associated to small or large plant capacities. Local hydrologic conditions and target ecosystem services determine the most effective strategy for specific case studies. The analysis indicates that larger power plants are sometimes the most effective way to preserve ecosystems services through economically viable projects. Therefore, renewable energy policy should avoid incentive schemes that penalize a priori larger installations. The approach offers an objective basis to identify effective hydropower design, management and policies when additional ecosystems services are considered, thus supporting a sustainable intensification of run-of-river energy production.
机译：小型河流水电可能会显着促进满足全球可再生能源目标。然而，利用利益相关者的能源生产河流流动的开发触发了环境影响和冲突，从而需要最佳的水资源配置策略。股权的各种兴趣需要仪器来定量评估水管理选择的多态影响。在这项工作中，介绍了在必须共同最大化的情况下，当必须共同最大化时，分析工具指导河流发电厂的设计。该方法基于Paretian效率的概念，并应用于苏格兰的假设案例研究，能源生产可以与区域相关的生态系统服务竞争。我们发现，符合预定义的环境监管的多目标设计需要显着的经济损失，而无需维护生态功能。相反，如果环境流量被视为到最小合法价值的决策变量，经济上吸引人和生态有效的工厂配置出现。我们的调查结果表明，在保持生态功能的同时，存在广泛有效的替代策略，同时保持与小型或大植物能力相关的生态功能。局部水文条件和目标生态系统服务决定了特定案例研究的最有效策略。分析表明，较大的发电厂有时是通过经济上可行的项目保护生态系统服务的最有效方法。因此，可再生能源政策应避免激励计划，以惩罚先验的更大的安装。该方法提供了客观基础，以确定考虑额外的生态系统服务时，识别有效的水电设计，管理和政策，从而支持河流能源生产的可持续增强。

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