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首页> 外文期刊>Applied Energy >An extended energy hub approach for load flow analysis of highly coupled district energy networks: Illustration with electricity and heating
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An extended energy hub approach for load flow analysis of highly coupled district energy networks: Illustration with electricity and heating

机译：扩展的能源枢纽方法，用于高度耦合的区域能源网络的潮流分析：带电和供热的图示

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摘要

Energy systems at district/urban level are getting more complex and diversified from time to time. Different energy carriers are coupled each other to meet various types of energy demands. The conventional way of analyzing energy networks independently does not reflect the true nature of the coupled networks. One of such a promising coupled multi-carrier energy system (MCES) is the combination of district heating and electricity networks. The coupling between these two networks is increasing due to the integration of co- and poly-generation technologies at the distribution networks. Recent literatures tried to address a load flow analysis for lightly coupled networks by formulating case-specific load flow models. This paper presents a more general and flexible tool developed using Matlab (R) which can be used to conduct the load flow analysis of highly coupled electricity and heating networks. An energy hub concept is extended further to formulate a general model in which local generations and detailed network parameters of MCES can be taken into account. Coupled heating and electricity networks are modeled in detail for illustration. The flexibility and generality of the model are then tested by considering case studies with different network topologies (tree and meshed). A comparison is also made with a model used in recent literature. The results show that the proposed model is more accurate. The main contribution of this paper can be summarized by the following five points: (1) Coupling matrices are used to relate network power flow equations of different energy carriers; (2) Hybrid hydraulic head and pipe flow equations are used to develop the hydraulic model which can be applied for both types of tree and meshed heating networks with the possibility of pumping units; (3) A general thermal model that relates steady state temperature drops and mass flow rates, even during change of flow direction, is developed for the heating network; (4) The electricity network is modeled with the possibility of tap changing transformers; (5) The overall system of equations are solved as a single problem using Newton-Raphson iterative method.
机译：区域/城市级别的能源系统会变得越来越复杂，并且会不时多样化。不同的能量载体彼此耦合以满足各种类型的能量需求。独立地分析能量网络的常规方法不能反映耦合网络的真实性质。这种有前途的耦合多载波能源系统（MCES）之一是区域供热和电网的结合。由于热电联产和多联产技术在配电网的整合，这两个网络之间的耦合正在增加。最近的文献试图通过制定案例特定的潮流模型来解决轻耦合网络的潮流分析问题。本文介绍了使用Matlab（R）开发的更通用，更灵活的工具，该工具可用于进行高度耦合的电力和加热网络的潮流分析。进一步扩展了能源枢纽概念，以制定一个通用模型，其中可以考虑MCES的本地发电和详细的网络参数。耦合的加热和电力网络被详细建模以用于说明。然后，通过考虑具有不同网络拓扑结构（树状和网格状）的案例研究来测试模型的灵活性和通用性。还与最近文献中使用的模型进行了比较。结果表明，提出的模型更加准确。本文的主要贡献可归纳为以下五点：（1）耦合矩阵用于关联不同能量载体的网络潮流方程； （2）使用混合水头和管道流量方程式开发水力模型，该模型可用于树型和网状加热网络，并且有可能使用抽水机； （3）为加热网络建立了一个通用的热模型，该模型将稳态温度下降和质量流量相关联，即使在流向变化期间也是如此。 （4）电网建模有可能使用抽头变换变压器； （5）使用牛顿-拉夫森迭代法将整个方程组作为一个问题求解。

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