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Analysis of downshift's improvement to energy efficiency of an electric vehicle during regenerative braking

机译：再生制动过程中降档对电动汽车能量效率的改善分析

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摘要

Downshift during regenerative braking helps to improve the energy efficiency of electric vehicles. Two main problems are involved in the downshift process. One is the determination of optimal downshift point, and the other is the cooperative control of regenerative braking and hydraulic braking. In order to achieve a systemic solution to these problems, a hierarchical control strategy is brought forward for an electric vehicle with a two-speed automated mechanical transmission. For the upper controller, an off-line calculation and on-line look-up table method is adopted to obtain the optimal downshift point, and a series regenerative braking distribution strategy is designed. For the medium controller, a nonlinear sliding mode observer is designed to obtain the actual hydraulic brake torque. For the lower controller, cooperative control of regenerative braking and hydraulic braking is given to ensure brake safety during downshift process, and a resembling pulse width modulation method is proposed to regulated the hydraulic brake torque. Simulation results and hardware-in-loop test show that the proposed algorithm is effective in improving the energy efficiency of electric vehicles. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：再生制动期间的降档有助于提高电动汽车的能源效率。降档过程涉及两个主要问题。一种是确定最佳降档点，另一种是再生制动和液压制动的协同控制。为了实现对这些问题的系统解决方案，提出了具有两速自动机械变速器的电动车辆的分级控制策略。对于上位控制器，采用离线计算和在线查找表的方法来获得最佳的降档点，并设计了一系列的再生制动分配策略。对于介质控制器，设计了一个非线性滑模观察器以获得实际的液压制动扭矩。对于下位控制器，给出了再生制动和液压制动的协同控制，以确保降档过程中的制动安全，并提出了一种类似脉宽调制的方法来调节液压制动扭矩。仿真结果和硬件在环测试表明，该算法可以有效提高电动汽车的能效。 （C）2016 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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  • 来源
    《Applied Energy》 |2016年第15期|125-137|共13页
  • 作者

    Li Liang; Li Xujian; Wang Xiangyu; Song Jian; He Kai; Li Chenfeng;

  • 作者单位

    Tsinghua Univ, State Key Lab Automot Safety & Energy, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China|Collaborat Innovat Ctr Elect Vehicles Beijing, Beijing, Peoples R China;

    Tsinghua Univ, State Key Lab Automot Safety & Energy, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China;

    Tsinghua Univ, State Key Lab Automot Safety & Energy, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China;

    Tsinghua Univ, State Key Lab Automot Safety & Energy, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China;

    Tsinghua Univ, State Key Lab Automot Safety & Energy, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China;

    Tsinghua Univ, State Key Lab Automot Safety & Energy, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Electric vehicle; Regenerative braking; Energy efficiency; Optimal downshift point; Hierarchical control; Sliding mode observer;

    机译：电动汽车;再生制动;能效;最佳降档点;分级控制;滑模观察器;

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