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Multi-echelon supply chain design considering unreliable facilities with facility hardening possibility

机译：考虑设施不可靠和设施硬化可能性的多级供应链设计

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摘要

This paper considers the design of a multi-echelon supply chain network with unreliable facilities when the facilities can be “hardened” (their capacity increased and their probability of full or partial failures decreased) by more investment. The objective function of the problem is the minimization of the expected costs, including the fixed and the service costs, in all the echelons of the supply chain such that maintaining the flow of the demand at different echelons of the network interconnects them. In order to see how the decisions of each echelon affect other echelons, we consider a scenario in which facilities at the lower echelons of the chain are customers to the higher echelons and vice versa. A new scenario-based formulation is proposed for the problem to effectively cover the outcomes of this uncertainty. Moreover, we discuss how to use this model to choose the location and the hardening level of each facility to be both inexpensive and reliable. These decisions lead to some managerial insights. Given the computational complexity of the model, especially for the large-scale problems, several efficient approximation algorithms are presented. Finally, the computational results are provided to show the validity of the proposed model and the efficiency of the algorithms in providing high-quality solutions within acceptable times. The results show that the adoption of the integrated approach at different echelons of the network through the cooperation between the owners of echelons is much more effective than the independent optimization of each one.
机译：本文考虑了当设施可以通过增加投资来“硬化”（其容量增加而其全部或部分故障的可能性降低）时，具有不可靠设施的多级供应链网络的设计。该问题的客观功能是在供应链的所有梯级中将包括固定成本和服务成本在内的预期成本降至最低，从而在网络的不同梯级维持需求流将它们互连。为了了解每个梯队的决策如何影响其他梯队，我们考虑了一个场景，其中链的较低梯队的设施是较高梯队的客户，反之亦然。针对该问题，提出了一种新的基于方案的表述方法，以有效覆盖这种不确定性的结果。此外，我们讨论了如何使用此模型来选择价格便宜且可靠的每种设备的位置和硬化程度。这些决定导致一些管理上的见解。考虑到模型的计算复杂性，特别是对于大规模问题，提出了几种有效的近似算法。最后，计算结果提供了所提出模型的有效性以及算法在可接受的时间内提供高质量解决方案的效率。结果表明，通过梯队所有者之间的合作，在网络的不同梯队中采用集成方法要比对每个梯队进行独立优化要有效得多。

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