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Unmanned Aerial Vehicle hub-location and routing for monitoring geographic borders

机译：无人机集线器的位置和路由，用于监视地理边界

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Recently, hub location problems have become more common with successful applications in air transportation. In this paper, we consider a hub-location and routing problem for border (Borders in this work refer to land borders, unless otherwise stated.) security in Turkey. Security is currently one of the most important issues. Countries are spending large amounts to prevent threats that may come from neighboring countries. Land borders are required to be monitored because of illegal border crossing activities and terrorist attacks. Various geographical restrictions at the borders can cause difficulties in monitoring and gathering the required data. We focus on selecting hubs among the airports run by the General Directorate of State Airports Authority of Turkey, the assignment of demand points to hubs and determining optimal routes for each hub. The study consists of two stages. First, the single allocation p-hub median problem is solved to determine the locations of the hubs for unmanned aircraft. To select hubs, the decision model uses an appropriateness parameter that is obtained by using ELECTRE, a multi-criteria decision-making tool. Five criteria are considered: The type of airport, the remoteness from threats, the proximity to a land border, the aerodrome traffic density and the time that the possible hubs are open to the air traffic. In the second stage, optimal routes are determined for each hub by using two mathematical models. The first model is cost-oriented and there is one vehicle per hub. In the second mathematical model for routing, the monitoring frequency parameters which means the priority of monitoring of the demand nodes obtained by using ELECTRE are used to maximize the monitoring frequency of the demand nodes. The criteria for demand nodes are (1) the need for UAVs, (2) illegal border crossing, and (3) the number of the illegal border activities and attacks. There are three vehicles per hub in the second model. The results of two mathematical models for routing problem are evaluated.
机译：近来，在航空运输中的成功应用中，枢纽位置问题已变得越来越普遍。在本文中，我们考虑了土耳其边界安全的集线器位置和路由问题（本工作中的边界是指陆地边界，除非另有说明。）。安全是当前最重要的问题之一。各国为防止可能来自邻国的威胁而花费了大量资金。由于非法越境活动和恐怖袭击，必须监视陆地边界。边界的各种地理限制可能会导致难以监视和收集所需数据。我们专注于在土耳其国家机场管理局总局运营的机场中选择枢纽，将需求点分配给枢纽，并确定每个枢纽的最佳路线。该研究包括两个阶段。首先，解决了单分配p-hub中位数问题，以确定无人飞机的轮毂位置。为了选择中心，决策模型使用通过使用ELECTRE（一种多标准决策工具）获得的适当性参数。考虑了五个标准：机场的类型，远离威胁，靠近陆地边界，机场交通密度以及可能的枢纽开放给空中交通的时间。在第二阶段，使用两个数学模型为每个枢纽确定最佳路线。第一种模式以成本为导向，每个枢纽只有一辆车辆。在用于路由的第二个数学模型中，监视频率参数（即通过使用ELECTRE获得的监视需求节点的优先级）用于最大化需求节点的监视频率。需求节点的标准是（1）对无人机的需求，（2）非法越境，以及（3）非法边界活动和攻击的数量。在第二个模型中，每个集线器有三辆车。评估了两个用于路由问题的数学模型的结果。

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