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Chaos and reproduction in sea level

机译:海平面的混乱与繁衍

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Prediction of sea-level is an important task for navigation, coastal engineering and geodetic applications, as well as recreational activities. This study presents a comparison of Chaos theory and Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) techniques for sea level modelling for daily, weekly, 10-day and monthly time scale at the Cocos (Keeling) islands from 1992 to 2001. The state space reconstruction of the unknown underlying process is directly employed from time series data, through Takens delay embedding method: optimal embedding dimension and delay time are obtained from false nearest neighbours and average mutual information techniques, respectively. Optimal values are then used for the estimation of the correlation dimension and the largest Lyapunov exponent, for inspecting possible signatures of chaotic dynamics. We find a positive Lyapunov exponent an evident feature of chaos. Indeed, the nonlinear prediction of sea level, in the period ranging from January 2001 to December 2001, is in an excellent agreement with the data for the same period, evidencing the nonlinear nature of the process. ARIMA method is also used for sea level modelling, for the same time scales; the performances of the two models are compared using such statistical indices as the root mean square error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (CC). The comparative analyses show that the chaos theory model has a slight edge over ARIMA while both models are in principal acceptable.
机译:海平面的预测对于导航,海岸工程和大地测量应用以及娱乐活动是一项重要的任务。这项研究比较了1992年至2001年科科斯(基林)岛每天,每周,10天和每月的时间尺度上的混沌理论和自回归综合移动平均(ARIMA)技术进行海平面建模。状态空间通过Takens延迟嵌入方法,直接从时间序列数据中进行未知底层过程的重建:最佳嵌入维数和延迟时间分别从错误的最近邻居和平均互信息技术获得。然后,将最佳值用于估计相关维数和最大Lyapunov指数,以检查混沌动力学的可能特征。我们发现正Lyapunov指数是混沌的明显特征。的确,在2001年1月至2001年12月期间的海平面非线性预测与同期的数据非常吻合,证明了该过程的非线性性质。在相同的时间范围内,ARIMA方法也用于海平面建模。使用均方根误差(RMSE)和相关系数(CC)等统计指标比较两个模型的性能。比较分析表明,混沌理论模型在ARIMA方面略有优势,而两种模型在原则上都是可以接受的。

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