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Modeling and characterization of cyclic relaxation and ratcheting using the distributed-element model

机译：使用分布单元模型对周期松弛和棘轮进行建模和表征

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Constitutive modeling of cyclic relaxation and ratcheting (cumulative inelastic deformation) is developed on the basis of the distributed-element model (DEM). Although the original DEM is capable of describing general, elastic-plastic behavior for cyclically stabilized materials, it has the inadequacy of not being able to account for the effect of cyclic relaxation and ratcheting. By introducing the nonlinear kinematic hardening rule proposed by Armstrong and Frederick into element behavior of the DEM, the model becomes effective in characterizing the behavior of cyclic relaxation and ratcheting. Validation of the modified DEM is conducted by simulating cyclic behavior of various metal materials, including CS 1018, heat-treated rail steel, and Grade 60 steel. The results show that the modified DEM demonstrates realistic behavior of materials in both uniaxial and biaxial cyclic relaxation and ratcheting. Furthermore, detailed investigation of element behavior in the model provides us with additional insight into complex behavior and characteristics of materials in cyclic relaxation and ratcheting.
机译：在分布单元模型（DEM）的基础上，建立了循环松弛和棘轮（累积非弹性变形）的本构模型。尽管原始的DEM可以描述循环稳定材料的一般弹塑性行为，但它不足以不能说明循环松弛和棘轮效应。通过将Armstrong和Frederick提出的非线性运动硬化规则引入DEM的元素行为，该模型对于表征循环弛豫和棘轮行为有效。通过模拟各种金属材料（包括CS 1018，热处理的轨道钢和60级钢）的循环行为来进行改性DEM的验证。结果表明，改性的DEM证明了材料在单轴和双轴循环松弛和棘轮中的实际行为。此外，对模型中元素行为的详细研究使我们对循环松弛和棘轮中材料的复杂行为和特性有了更多的了解。

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