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首页> 外文期刊>Applied Mechanics and Materials >Principal Solutions for Sustainable Adaptive Facades Providing Suitable Indoor Environment for Inhabitants
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Principal Solutions for Sustainable Adaptive Facades Providing Suitable Indoor Environment for Inhabitants

机译：为居民提供适合的室内环境的可持续适应性立面的主要解决方案

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Façade as a part of building envelope represents its dominant portion. The initial function of façade was to ensure safety for inhabitants against weather and animals. Growing interest in increasing the energy efficiency of buildings, caused mainly by oil crisis in the 70s, led to the development of scientific area, actually known as building physics. The goal established in the start was to design architectural, structural and material solutions that would lead to the reduction of building`s energy consumption coming from heating. The principle was to properly insulate the whole envelope avoiding thermal bridges and utilization of selected thermal insulating windows and doors. The trend of material development for thermal insulation composite systems is soaring, same as demands of society. What was in the past the main desire, reducing the energy consumption for heating, is now reflected in even higher requirements such as energy consumption for cooling. Minimizing thermal bridges and tightness of fenestration on the one side leads to savings on heating, but on the other hand, the heat coming mainly from sunlight, electric equipment, people and other resources is necessary to cover with enough cooling. Applying of reflexive glazing represents frequently used passive solution but also causes lack of natural daylight leads to higher energy consumption for artificial light despite large transparent walls. Energy savings made from reduction of air changes requires mechanical ventilation systems with the necessary of air treatment also consuming energy and in addition also requires regular maintenance. Modern solutions are based on adaptive façade which is capable to react on random meteorological changes to ensure reduction of energy flows through the façade. The paper discusses various conceptual solutions providing architectural intelligent and energy-friendly designs. Particular ideas offers protection against overheating, but same time allows penetrating natural daylight enough during all seasons. Elements of dynamic photovoltaic panels, aesthetically and effectively built-in façade, provide in addition to significant architectural look and also represent available source of pure energy supporting sustainable architecture.
机译：幕墙作为建筑围护结构的一部分，代表了建筑的主要部分。立面的最初功能是确保居民免受天气和动物侵害的安全。主要由70年代的石油危机引起的人们对提高建筑能源效率的兴趣日益浓厚，导致了科学领域的发展，实际上被称为建筑物理学。最初制定的目标是设计建筑，结构和材料解决方案，以减少建筑取暖产生的能源消耗。原理是适当隔离整个外壳，避免热桥和使用选定的隔热门窗。与社会需求相同，隔热复合材料的材料发展趋势正在飞速增长。过去主要的愿望是减少加热的能耗，现在反映在更高的要求上，例如冷却的能耗。最大限度地减少热桥和开窗的紧密性，一方面可以节省热量，但另一方面，主要来自日光，电气设备，人员和其他资源的热量也需要进行足够的冷却。自反玻璃的应用代表了经常使用的被动解决方案，但是尽管壁大而透明，但由于缺乏自然采光，导致人造光的能耗更高。通过减少换气节省的能量需要机械通风系统，而空气处理也需要消耗能量，此外还需要定期维护。现代解决方案基于自适应立面，该立面能够对随机的气象变化做出反应，以确保减少通过立面的能量流。本文讨论了提供建筑智能和节能设计的各种概念性解决方案。特殊的想法可以防止过热，但同时又可以使所有季节的自然光线穿透得足够。动态光伏面板的元素具有美学和有效的内置外观，不仅可以提供出色的建筑外观，而且还代表了支持可持续建筑的纯能源的可用来源。

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