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Microbial formation, biotechnological production and applications of 1,2-propanediol

机译：1,2-丙二醇的微生物形成，生物技术生产及应用

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摘要

This short review covers metabolic pathways, genetics and metabolic engineering of 1,2-propanediol formation in microbes. 1,2-Propanediol production by bacteria and yeasts has been known for many years and two general pathways are recognized. One involves the metabolism of deoxyhexoses, where lactaldehyde is formed during the glycolytic reactions and is then reduced to 1,2-propanediol. The second pathway derives from the formation of methylglyoxal from dihydroxyacetonephosphate and its subsequent reduction to 1,2-propanediol. The enzymes involved in the reduction of methylglyoxal can generate isomers of lactaldehyde or acetol, which can be further reduced by specific reductases, giving chiral 1,2-propanediol as the product. The stereospecificity of the enzymes catalyzing the two reduction steps is important in deriving a complete pathway. Through genetic engineering, appropriate combinations of enzymes have been brought together in Escherichia coli and yeast to generate 1,2-propanediol from glucose. The optimization of these strains may yield microbial processes for the production of this widely used chemical.
机译：这篇简短的评论涵盖了微生物中1,2-丙二醇形成的代谢途径，遗传学和代谢工程。由细菌和酵母生产1,2-丙二醇已有多年的历史，人们公认有两种普遍途径。一种涉及脱氧己糖的代谢，其中乙醛在糖酵解反应期间形成，然后被还原为1,2-丙二醇。第二种途径是由二羟基丙酮磷酸形成甲基乙二醛，然后将其还原为1,2-丙二醇。涉及甲基乙二醛还原的酶可以生成乳醛或丙酮醇的异构体，可以通过特定的还原酶进一步还原，从而得到手性1,2-丙二醇。催化两个还原步骤的酶的立体特异性在获得完整途径中很重要。通过基因工程，酶的适当组合已在大肠杆菌和酵母中结合在一起，从而从葡萄糖生成1，2-丙二醇。这些菌株的优化可以产生用于生产这种广泛使用的化学品的微生物过程。

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  • 来源
    《Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology》 |2001年第1期|1-9|共9页
  • 作者

    G. N. Bennett; K.-Y. San;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Rice University 6100 Main Street Houston TX 77005-1892 USA e-mail: gbennett@bioc.rice.edu Tel.: +1-713-3489420 Fax: +1-713-3485154;

    Department of Bioengineering Rice University 6100 Main Street Houston TX 77005-1892 USA;

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