首页> 外文期刊>Applied ontology >Functions and fixed types: Biological and other functions in the post-adaptationist era
【24h】

Functions and fixed types: Biological and other functions in the post-adaptationist era

机译:功能和固定类型:后适应时代的生物功能和其他功能

获取原文
获取原文并翻译 | 示例
           

摘要

Among naturalistic theories of biological functions, only those that do not reduce functions to actual causal roles allow for a distinction of function and dysfunction. Most prominent among those theories are etiological theories of function, which refer to adaptive evolutionary processes as the source of normativity. Standard criticism of this approach refers to the inadequacy of the result that novel traits could not have any function, and to 'swampman'-arguments. I criticize etiological theories of biological functions for the novel reason that it is inadequate in any other theoretical framework than gene deterministic adaptationism, and that present day biology is not adequately described as being uniformly adaptationistic. An alternative theory of normative functions, which refers to the type-token relation as the source of normativity, grasps more adequately function ascriptions within current biological frameworks. The theory naturalizes the type-token relation in terms of type fixation by concrete instances and thus refers only to token-token interactions. I further develop how this approach unifies biological and artifactual functions and show how it accounts for function ascriptions in cases where ontogenetic processes have an impact on the type of the developing biological entity, and where decisions in the construction site and modifications rather than construction plans are determining types of artifact components.
机译:在生物学功能的自然主义理论中,只有那些不会将功能降低为实际因果作用的理论才可以区分功能和功能障碍。在这些理论中,最突出的是功能的病因学理论,后者将适应性进化过程称为规范性的来源。对这种方法的标准批评指的是新颖特征不能发挥任何作用的结果不足,以及“沼泽人”论点。我批评生物学功能的病因学理论是一个新的理由,即它在除基因确定性适应主义之外的任何其他理论框架中均不足,并且当今生物学没有被充分描述为统一适应性。规范性功能的另一种理论将类型标记关系作为规范性的来源,它在当前的生物学框架内更充分地掌握了功能归属。该理论根据具体实例在类型固定方面使类型-令牌关系自然化,因此仅涉及令牌-令牌交互。我进一步研究了这种方法如何统一生物学和人为功能,并说明了在个体发育过程对发育中的生物实体的类型产生影响的情况下,以及在施工现场的决定和修改而非施工计划的情况下,该方法如何解释功能归因。确定工件成分的类型。

著录项

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱:kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备:11010802029741号 ICP备案号:京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有
  • 客服微信

  • 服务号