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What to consider about events: A survey on the ontology of occurrents

机译：关于事件的考虑：关于事件发生者本体的调查

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摘要

This work presents a review of the ideas that are currently in use on the ontology-based conceptual modeling of occurrents (sometimes referred to as “events”, “perdurants”, or “processes”). It collects such ideas from a set of 11 ontologies, which includes some of the most important and widely used upper ontologies (i.e., BFO, UFO, DOLCE, YAMATO, SUMO, GFO). We analyze the ontologies with respect to the definition of occurrent they present and their understanding about participation, mereology, and causation. The commitments regarding these four facets of occurrents are gathered in three categories (pervasive aspects, complementary aspects, and conflicting aspects). Additionally, we identify the main occurrent classification criteria used to branch the taxonomy of the ontologies. These findings are summarized in two tables at the end of the paper, which may be used by modeling practitioners as reference. The review shows that the considered ontologies agree in a significant set of common aspects as well as present some relevant divergences. However, there is a considerable set of non-conflicting, complementary aspects scattered among the diverse ontologies. It suggests an opportunity for efforts aiming to harmonize those views in a single approach that may enrich the analysis and representation of occurrents.
机译：这项工作对当前在基于本体的事件发生者（有时称为“事件”，“行为者”或“过程”）概念模型中使用的思想进行了回顾。它从11种本体中收集了这样的想法，其中包括一些最重要且使用最广泛的上层本体（即BFO，UFO，DOLCE，YAMATO，SUMO，GFO）。我们根据存在的定义以及它们对参与，信条和因果关系的理解来分析本体。关于出现者这四个方面的承诺分为三类（普遍性，互补性和冲突性）。此外，我们确定了用于划分本体分类的主要发生分类标准。本文末尾的两个表格中总结了这些发现，建模从业人员可以将其用作参考。审查表明，所考虑的本体论在很多共同方面都一致，并且存在一些相关分歧。但是，在不同的本体之间散布着相当多的无冲突的互补方面。它提供了一个旨在以单一方法协调这些观点的努力的机会，这可以丰富发生者的分析和表示。

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