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No Effects of Successful Bidirectional SMR Feedback Training on Objective and Subjective Sleep in Healthy Subjects

机译:成功的双向SMR反馈训练对健康受试者的客观和主观睡眠没有影响

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There is a growing interest in the application of psychophysiological signals in more applied settings. Unidirectional sensory motor rhythm-training (SMR) has demonstrated consistent effects on sleep. In this study the main aim was to analyze to what extent participants could gain voluntary control over sleep-related parameters and secondarily to assess possible influences of this training on sleep metrics. Bidirectional training of SMR as well as heart rate variability (HRV) was used to assess the feasibility of training these parameters as possible brain computer interfaces (BCI) signals, and assess effects normally associated with unidirectional SMR training such as the influence on objective and subjective sleep parameters. Participants (n = 26) received between 11 and 21 training sessions during 7 weeks in which they received feedback on their personalized threshold for either SMR or HRV activity, for both up- and down regulation. During a pre- and post-test a sleep log was kept and participants used a wrist actigraph. Participants were asked to take an afternoon nap on the first day at the testing facility. During napping, sleep spindles were assessed as well as self-reported sleep measures of the nap. Although the training demonstrated successful learning to increase and decrease SMR and HRV activity, no effects were found of bidirectional training on sleep spindles, actigraphy, sleep diaries, and self-reported sleep quality. As such it is concluded that bidirectional SMR and HRV training can be safely used as a BCI and participants were able to improve their control over physiological signals with bidirectional training, whereas the application of bidirectional SMR and HRV training did not lead to significant changes of sleep quality in this healthy population.
机译:人们越来越希望在更多应用的环境中使用心理生理信号。单向感觉运动节律训练(SMR)已显示出对睡眠的持续影响。在这项研究中,主要目的是分析参与者在多大程度上可以自愿控制与睡眠相关的参数,其次评估该培训对睡眠指标的可能影响。 SMR的双向训练以及心率变异性(HRV)用于评估将这些参数训练为可能的脑计算机接口(BCI)信号的可行性,并评估通常与单向SMR训练相关的效果,例如对客观和主观的影响睡眠参数。参与者(n = 26)在7周内接受了11到21次培训,在此期间,他们收到了有关SMR或HRV活动的个性化阈值的反馈,包括上调和下调。在测试前和测试后,会记录睡眠记录,参与者使用腕部活动记录仪。参与者被要求在测试设备的第一天午睡。在午睡期间,评估睡眠纺锤体以及小睡的自我报告睡眠指标。尽管训练表明成功学习了增加和减少SMR和HRV活动的方法,但是双向训练对睡眠纺锤,书法,睡眠日记和自我报告的睡眠质量没有影响。因此,可以得出结论,双向SMR和HRV训练可以安全地用作BCI,参与者可以通过双向训练来改善对生理信号的控制,而双向SMR和HRV训练的应用并不会导致睡眠的显着变化健康人群的高质量。

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