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首页> 外文期刊>Applied Surface Science >Evolution Of Steel Surface Composition With Heating In Vacuum And In Air
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Evolution Of Steel Surface Composition With Heating In Vacuum And In Air

机译：真空和空气加热下钢表面成分的演变

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摘要

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has been used to investigate the changes in surface composition of three steels as they have undergone heating. The steels were mild steel, and two austenitic stainless steels, commonly designated 304 and 316 stainless steels. XPS measurements were made on the untreated samples, and then following heating for 30 min in vacuo and in a 1 x 10~6 Torr partial pressure of air, at temperatures between 100 °C and 600 °C.Mild steel behaves differently to the two stainless steels under the heating conditions. In mild steel the iron content of the surface increased, with oxygen and carbon decreasing, as a function of increasing temperature. The chemical state of the iron also changed from oxide at low temperatures, to metallic at temperatures above 450 °C.In both stainless steels the amount of iron present in the surface decreased with increasing temperature. The decrease in iron at the surface was accompanied by an increase in the amount of chromium at the steel surface. At temperatures above 450°C the iron in both 304 and 316 stainless steels showed significant contributions fromjnetallic iron, whilst the chromium present was in an oxide state. In 316 stainless steel heated to 600 °C there was some metallic chromium present in the surface layer.The surfaces heated in air showed the least variation in composition, with the major change being the loss of carbon from the surfaces following heating above 300 °C. There was also a minor increase in the concentration of chromium present on both the stainless steels heated under these conditions. There was also little change in the oxidation state of the iron and chromium present on the surface of these steels. There was some evidence of the thickening of the surface oxides as seen by the loss of the lower binding energy signal in the iron or chromium core level scans.The surfaces heated in vacuum showed a similar trend in the concentration of carbon on the surfaces, however the overall concentration of oxygen decreased throughout the heating of these steels. There were also significant changes in the oxidation state of the iron and chromium on these surfaces with significant amounts or iron and chromium present in the metallic form following heating up to 600 °C.It appears that the carbon contamination on the surfaces plays an important role in the fate of the surface oxide layer for all of the steels heated in a vacuum environment.
机译：X射线光电子能谱（XPS）已用于研究三种钢在加热时表面成分的变化。这些钢是低碳钢和两种奥氏体不锈钢，通常称为304和316不锈钢。 XPS测量是在未经处理的样品上进行的，然后在真空中以1 x 10〜6 Torr的空气分压在100°C至600°C的温度下加热30分钟后，低碳钢的性能与二者不同加热条件下的不锈钢。在低碳钢中，随着温度的升高，表面的铁含量增加，而氧气和碳的含量减少。铁的化学状态也从低温下的氧化物转变为温度高于450°C时的金属态。在两种不锈钢中，表面中存在的铁量都随着温度的升高而降低。表面铁含量的降低伴随着钢表面铬含量的增加。在高于450°C的温度下，304和316不锈钢中的铁均表现出金属铁的重要贡献，而铬的存在则呈氧化物态。在加热到600°C的316不锈钢中，表面层中存在一些金属铬。在空气中加热的表面表现出最小的成分变化，主要变化是在300°C以上加热后表面碳的损失。在这些条件下加热的两种不锈钢中，铬的浓度也略有增加。这些钢表面上存在的铁和铬的氧化态也几乎没有变化。从铁或铬核能级扫描中较低的结合能信号的损失可以看出表面氧化物的增厚迹象。在真空中加热的表面在表面上的碳浓度显示出相似的趋势，但是在这些钢的整个加热过程中，氧气的总浓度降低了。加热到600°C后，这些表面上的铁和铬的氧化态也发生了显着变化，其中大量金属或铁和铬以金属形式存在。表面上的碳污染似乎起着重要作用在真空环境下加热的所有钢材的表面氧化层的命运。

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  • 来源
    《Applied Surface Science》 |2011年第23期|p.10005-10017|共13页
  • 作者

    ColinS. Doyle; ChristopherK.Seal; BryonyJ. James;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, New Zealand Research Centre for Surface and Materials Science, The University of Auckland, New Zealand;

    Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, New Zealand;

    Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, New Zealand Research Centre for Surface and Materials Science, The University of Auckland, New Zealand;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    Steel; Surface segregation; ESCA; XPS; Vacuum heating;

    机译：钢;表面偏析;ESCA;XPS;真空加热;

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