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Lake Tanganyika fisheries frame survey analysis: Assessment of the options for management of the fisheries of Lake Tanganyika

机译：坦any尼喀湖渔业框架调查分析：对坦any尼喀湖渔业管理选择的评估

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摘要

From 1999 to 2011 some regions in the Lake Tanganyika Basin experienced humanitarian crises that displaced hundreds of thousands of people to neighboring countries. When relative calm returned to the region in 2008, an influx of displaced peoples and refugees returned to the lake seeking their ancestral fishing grounds. Well-meaning non-governmental organizations and United Nations-organizations donated fishing equipment to these returning people to aid their livelihood opportunities. These fishing programs, however, increased uncontrolled fishing effort on Lake Tanganyika beyond that of previous levels, resulting in decreasing fish catches. Increased monitoring of the fishery, therefore, became essential. In 2009, as a result of uncontrolled fishing effort due to the influx of returnees, inefficient national efforts to monitor their fisheries, and the observed decline of fishery resources, the four countries bordering Lake Tanganyika (Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania and Zambia) established a regional coordinating body called the Lake Tanganyika Authority to implement fisheries conservation and management measures in compliance with the Convention on the Sustainable Management of Lake Tanganyika. To inform and enable a fisheries monitoring program on Lake Tanganyika, the Authority conducted a lake-wide fisheries frame survey in 2011 to inventory the number of fishermen, fishing units and fisheries infrastructure around Lake Tanganyika. When comparing the 2011 frame survey with data from a similar survey conducted in 1995 (the two most extensive studies to date on Lake Tanganyika), results revealed troubling trends in fish capacity, including: an increase in illegal fishing gear, a doubling of the total number of fishermen and fishing units, and a decline in catch rates since 2002 (based on Burundi data which has been consistently collected). This article analyzes the trends of the Lake Tanganyika fishery, including: fishing effort, the changing uses of gear, and trends in employment in the fishery. Because of the observed increase of fishing capacity (e.g. the numbers of vessels, licenses and fishermen), this article addresses whether an effective fishery management program can be implemented on the lake. Past management efforts have been made from within the basin by the individual countries (Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania and Zambia), transnational organizations (Food and Agriculture Organization), and the Lake Tanganyika Authority. Using current notions of fishery management on large lakes in the region and ideas from a case study from Gambia, West Africa, this study suggests that effective fishery management on Lake Tanganyika requires the adoption of a formal Monitoring, Control & Surveillance system, community surveillance, an improvement in licensing systems, and a limitation in the number of fishermen and fishing units.
机译：从1999年到2011年，坦any尼喀湖盆地的某些地区经历了人道主义危机，使数十万人流离失所。当相对平静的地区于2008年返回该地区时，大量流离失所的民族和难民返回湖中寻找祖先的捕鱼地。善意的非政府组织和联合国组织向这些回返者捐赠了捕鱼设备，以帮助他们谋生。但是，这些捕鱼计划使坦any尼喀湖的捕鱼活动不受控制，超出了以前的水平，导致捕鱼量减少。因此，加强对渔业的监测变得至关重要。 2009年，由于回返者涌入导致捕捞努力失控，国家监测其渔业的努力效率低下以及观察到的渔业资源减少，与坦any尼喀湖接壤的四个国家（布隆迪，刚果民主共和国，坦桑尼亚和赞比亚） ）成立了一个名为坦any尼喀湖管理局的区域协调机构，以根据《坦Tang尼喀湖可持续管理公约》实施渔业养护和管理措施。为了向坦any尼喀湖提供渔业监测方案并使其得以实施，管理局于2011年进行了全湖范围的渔业框架调查，以盘点坦any尼喀湖周围的渔民，捕鱼单位和渔业基础设施的数量。将2011年的框架调查与1995年进行的类似调查（迄今为止对坦any尼喀湖的两项最广泛的研究）的数据进行比较时，结果显示鱼类容量令人担忧的趋势，包括：非法捕捞渔具的增加，总数的翻倍自2002年以来，渔民和捕捞单位的数量以及捕捞率均下降（基于不断收集的布隆迪数据）。本文分析了坦any尼喀湖渔业的发展趋势，包括：捕捞努力，渔具用途的变化以及渔业就业趋势。由于观察到的捕捞能力增加（例如，船只，执照和渔民的数量），本文讨论了是否可以在湖上实施有效的渔业管理计划。各个国家（布隆迪，刚果民主共和国，坦桑尼亚和赞比亚），跨国组织（粮食及农业组织）和坦any尼喀湖管理局已经在流域内部做出了过去的管理努力。利用该地区大湖区当前渔业管理的概念以及西非冈比亚的案例研究得出的想法，这项研究表明，坦Tang尼喀湖上的有效渔业管理需要采用正式的监测，控制与监视系统，社区监控，许可证制度的改善，以及渔民和捕鱼单位数量的限制。

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