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Seasonal and inter-annual variations in carbon fluxes in a tropical river system (Tana River, Kenya)

机译：热带河流系统（肯尼亚塔那河）中碳通量的季节性和年际变化

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摘要

The hydrological status of river systems is expected to change due to dam operations and climate change. This will affect the riverine fluxes of sediment and carbon (C). In rivers with strong seasonal and inter-annual variability, quantification and extrapolation of sediment and C fluxes can be a challenge as measurement periods are often too short to cover all hydrological conditions. We studied the dynamics of the Tana River (Kenya) from 2012 to 2014 through daily monitoring of sediment concentrations at three sites (Garissa, Tana River Primate Reserve and Garsen) and daily monitoring of C concentrations in Garissa and Garsen during three distinct seasons. A bootstrap method was applied to calculate the range of sediment and C fluxes as a function of annual discharge by using daily discharge data (1942-2014). Overall, we estimated that on average, sediment and carbon were retained in this 600 km long river section between Garissa to Garsen over the 73 years (i.e., fluxes were higher at the upstream site than downstream): integration over all simulations resulted in an average net retention of sediment (similar to 2.9 Mt -year(-1)), POC (similar to 18,000 tC -year(-1)), DOC (similar to 920 tC -year(-1)) and DIC (similar to 1200 tC -year(-1)). To assess the impact of hydrological variations, we constructed four different hydrological scenarios over the same period. Although there was significant non-linearity and difference between the C species, our estimates generally predicted a net increase of C retention between the upstream and downstream site when the annual discharge would decrease, for example caused by an increase of irrigation with reservoir water. When simulating an increase in the annual discharge, e.g. as a potential effect of climate change, we predicted a decrease in C retention.
机译：由于大坝运行和气候变化，预计河流系统的水文状况将发生变化。这将影响河流的沉积物和碳通量（C）。在季节性和年际变化较大的河流中，由于测量周期通常太短而无法覆盖所有水文条件，因此对沉积物和碳通量的量化和外推可能是一个挑战。我们通过每日监测三个站点（加里萨斯，塔娜河灵长类动物保护区和加森）的沉积物浓度以及每日监测三个不同季节的加里萨邦和加森的C浓度，研究了2012年至2014年塔纳河（肯尼亚）的动态。运用自举法，通过利用日排放量数据（1942-2014）来计算沉积物和碳通量的范围，作为年排放量的函数。总体而言，我们估计在73年间，从Garissa到Garsen的这600公里长的河段中平均保留了沉积物和碳（即上游站点的通量高于下游）：所有模拟的综合得出平均沉积物的净保留量（约2.9 Mt-year（-1）），POC（约18,000 tC-year（-1）），DOC（约920 tC-year（-1））和DIC（约1200） tC -year（-1））。为了评估水文变化的影响，我们在同一时期构建了四个不同的水文情景。尽管C物种之间存在显着的非线性和差异，但我们的估计通常预测到年排放量减少时上游和下游站点之间C保留量将净增加，例如，由于水库灌溉增加所致。模拟年排放量的增加时，例如作为气候变化的潜在影响，我们预测了碳保留量的下降。

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