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Effect of reduced impact logging and small-scale mining disturbances on Neotropical stream fish assemblages

机译：减少冲击伐木和小规模采矿扰动对新热带溪流鱼类种群的影响

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摘要

Deforestation and mining are recognized as major threats to Amazonian biodiversity, but, in addition to the well known impacts of clear cutting and industrial mining, the impact of cryptic threats such as illegal small-scale gold-mining and reduced impact logging remain little known. Here, we quantify the impact of those cryptic disturbances on a set of 201 sites dispersed throughout French Guiana. The fish assemblages of 139 pristine forest sites were compared to 16 sites subjected to reduced impact logging (i.e. selective logging), 24 sites with ongoing small-scale gold-mining and 22 sites formerly mined for gold. Controlling for the environmental variability between sites showed the significant structuring effect of all disturbances on fish taxonomic structure, with a marked impact of gold-mining. This effect was of strong magnitude and remained significant after mining activity ceased. In contrast, the reduced impact logging effect remains of low magnitude, although significant. From a functional point of view, gold-mining drives species assemblages towards a decrease in the richness of small-sized stream habitat specialist species and favours larger ubiquitous species living in both streams and rivers. Reduced impact logging effect was slighter, and negatively affected only the richness of phytophagous species. These results, encompassing a variety of hydrographic basins, unambiguously show the detrimental effect of small-scale gold-mining on fish assemblages as well as the slight effect of reduced impact logging. Since gold-mining is one of the most widespread threats throughout the Amazonian region, particular care should be given to controlling this, often illegal, activity.
机译：砍伐森林和采矿业被认为是对亚马逊生物多样性的主要威胁，但是，除了众所周知的伐木和工业采矿的影响外，诸如非法小规模采金和减少影响采伐等神秘威胁的影响仍然鲜为人知。在这里，我们量化了这些隐秘干扰对分布在法属圭亚那的201个站点的影响。将139个原始森林地点的鱼群与16个进行了减少冲击伐木（即选择性伐木）的地点，24个正在进行小规模金矿开采的地点和22个以前开采金矿的地点进行了比较。控制地点之间的环境变异性表明，所有干扰对鱼类分类结构的显着结构化作用，对金矿的影响显着。这种影响是巨大的，在采矿活动停止后仍然很显着。相反，降低的冲击测井效果虽然显着，但仍保持较低的幅度。从功能的角度来看，金矿开采会促使物种集合减少小型溪流生境专业物种的丰富度，并有利于生活在溪流和河流中的较大无处不在的物种。降低的影响伐木效果是轻微的，并且仅对植物吞噬性物种的丰富度产生负面影响。这些结果涵盖了各种水文盆地，明确地表明了小规模金矿开采对鱼类种群的不利影响以及减少影响伐木的轻微影响。由于金矿开采是整个亚马逊地区最大的威胁之一，因此应格外小心地控制这种通常是非法的活动。

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  • 来源
    《Aquatic Sciences》 |2016年第2期|315-325|共11页
  • 作者

    Allard Luc; Popee Manon; Vigouroux Regis; Brosse Sebastien;

  • 作者单位

    CNRS, ENFA, 118 Route Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France|Univ Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Lab Evolut & Div Biol, EDB, UMR5174, 118 Route Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France|Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, EDB UMR5174, F-31062 Toulouse, France|Hydreco Guyane, Lab Environm Petit Saut, BP 823, Kourou 97388, Guyana;

    Hydreco Guyane, Lab Environm Petit Saut, BP 823, Kourou 97388, Guyana;

    Hydreco Guyane, Lab Environm Petit Saut, BP 823, Kourou 97388, Guyana;

    CNRS, ENFA, 118 Route Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France|Univ Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Lab Evolut & Div Biol, EDB, UMR5174, 118 Route Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France|Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, EDB UMR5174, F-31062 Toulouse, France;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Amazon basin; Anthropogenic disturbances; Deforestation; Functional diversity; Freshwater; Guiana shield; Taxonomic diversity;

    机译：亚马孙河流域人为干扰森林砍伐功能多样性淡水圭亚那盾构生物多样性;

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