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Flow-plant interactions at leaf, stem and shoot scales: drag, turbulence, and biomechanics

机译：叶片，茎和枝条尺度上的流动植物相互作用：阻力，湍流和生物力学

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Flow-plant interactions are experimentally investigated at leaf, stem, and shoot scales in an open-channel flume at a range of Reynolds numbers. The experiments included measurements of instantaneous drag forces acting on leaves, stems, and shoots of the common freshwater plant species Glyceria fluitans, complemented with velocity measurements, high-resolution video recordings, and biomechanical tests of leaf and stem properties. The analyses of bulk statistics, power spectral densities, transfer functions, and cross-correlations of measured velocities and drag forces revealed that flow characteristics, drag force, and plant biomechanical and morphological properties are strongly interconnected and scale-dependent. The plant element-flow interactions can be subdivided into two classes: (Ⅰ) passive interactions when the drag variability is due to the time variability of the wetted and frontal areas and squared approach velocity (due to the large-scale turbulence); and (Ⅱ) active interactions representing a range of element-specific instabilities that depend on the element flexural rigidity and morphology. Implications of experimental findings for plant biophysics and ecology are briefly discussed.
机译：在雷诺数范围内，在开放水道水槽中的叶片，茎和枝条尺度上对流-植物相互作用进行了实验研究。实验包括测量作用于常见淡水植物Glyceria fluitans的叶子，茎和枝上的瞬时阻力，并辅以速度测量，高分辨率视频记录以及叶和茎特性的生物力学测试。大量统计数据，功率谱密度，传递函数以及测得的速度和拖曳力的互相关性分析表明，流动特性，拖曳力以及植物的生物力学和形态学特性紧密相关并且与比例相关。植物元素流的相互作用可分为两类：（Ⅰ）当阻力变化是由于湿润区域和额叶区域随时间变化和接近速度平方（由于大尺度湍流）而引起的被动相互作用。 （Ⅱ）主动相互作用表示一系列取决于单元抗弯刚度和形态的单元特定不稳定性。简要讨论了实验结果对植物生物物理学和生态学的影响。

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