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首页> 外文期刊>Aquatic Sciences >Future of wetlands in tropical and subtropical Asia, especially in the face of climate change
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Future of wetlands in tropical and subtropical Asia, especially in the face of climate change

机译：热带和亚热带亚洲湿地的未来，特别是面对气候变化

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Tropical and subtropical Asia differs from other tropical regions in its monsoonal climate and the dominant influence of the Hindukush and Himalayan mountain ranges which result in extremes of spatial and temporal variability in precipitation. However, several major rivers and their tributaries arise in the Himalayan ranges and are fed by thousands of glaciers. Huge sediment loads carried by these rivers result in important deltas at their mouths. The climatic and physiographic diversity have endowed the region with many kinds of wetlands. Of these, the peatswamps of southeast Asia constitute about 56% of the world's tropical peatlands, and more than 42% of the world's mangroves occur in South and southeast Asia. Among other wetlands, riverine swamps are rather restricted whereas the seasonal marshes are a dominant feature. Another characteristic feature of tropical Asia are the innumerable human-made and intensively managed wetlands of which the paddy fields and aquaculture ponds are the most extensive. Throughout tropical Asia, wetlands have been a part of the socio-cultural ethos of the people and many communities have lived in wetlands. However, the pressures of high population and the economic development have extensively impacted upon wetlands which have been transformed for paddy cultivation and aquaculture, drained and converted to other land uses for economic gains (e.g., conversion to oil palm), and degraded by discharge of domestic and industrial wastes. Invasive plant and animal species have also played a significant role. The climate change is already being felt in the rapid retreat of Himalayan glaciers, increased temperature and variability in precipitation as well as the frequency of extreme events. Sea level rise is seen as a major threat to the coastal wetlands, particularly the mangroves. Increasing droughts have caused frequent fires in Indonesian peat swamps that have further feedback impacts on regional climate. However, the actual threat to wetlands in this region arises from the extensive hydrological alterations being caused by storage, abstraction and diversion of river flows for agriculture, industry and hydropower. Currently, the state of our understanding wetlands in general, and the efforts and infrastructure for research and training in wetlands are very poor. Although a few wetlands have been designated as Ramsar sites, the policies aimed at wetland conservation are either non-existent or very weak. Human responses to greater uncertainty and variability in the available water resources in different parts of Asia will be crucial to the conservation of wetlands in the future.
机译：热带和亚热带亚洲与其他热带地区不同，其季风气候以及Hindukush和喜马拉雅山脉的主要影响力导致降雨的时空变化极大。但是，几条主要河流及其支流出现在喜马拉雅山脉中，并由成千上万的冰川供食。这些河流承载的巨大沉积物负荷在其河口形成重要的三角洲。气候和地貌的多样性赋予了该地区多种湿地。其中，东南亚的泥炭沼泽约占世界热带泥炭地的56％，世界上超过42％的红树林产于东南亚。在其他湿地中，河道沼泽非常受限制，而季节性沼泽是主要特征。亚洲热带的另一个特征是无数的人工和集约化管理的湿地，其中水田和水产养殖池最为广泛。在整个亚洲热带地区，湿地一直是人们社会文化精神的一部分，许多社区都生活在湿地中。但是，高人口压力和经济发展已对湿地产生了广泛影响，这些湿地已经转变为用于稻田种植和水产养殖，被排干并转化为其他土地用途以获取经济利益（例如，转变为油棕），并因排污而退化。生活和工业废物。入侵的动植物物种也发挥了重要作用。喜马拉雅冰川的快速退缩，温度的升高和降水的变化以及极端事件的发生频率已经在引起气候变化。海平面上升被视为对沿海湿地，特别是红树林的主要威胁。干旱加剧导致印度尼西亚泥炭沼泽频繁发生火灾，对区域气候产生进一步的反馈影响。然而，对该地区湿地的实际威胁是由于农业，工业和水力发电的河水的存储，提取和转移而引起的广泛的水文变化。目前，我们对湿地的总体了解状况以及在湿地上进行研究和培训的努力和基础设施都很差。尽管一些湿地已被指定为拉姆萨尔湿地，但针对湿地保护的政策要么不存在，要么非常薄弱。人类对亚洲不同地区可用水资源的更大不确定性和多变性的反应，对于将来保护湿地至关重要。

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