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Environmental changes affecting light climate in oligotrophic mountain lakes: the deep chlorophyll maxima as a sensitive variable

机译:环境变化影响贫营养化高山湖泊的轻型气候:深层叶绿素最大值是一个敏感变量

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The North-Patagonian Andean lakes of Argentina are high light, low nutrient environments that exhibit development of deep chlorophyll maxima (DCM) at the metalimnetic layer during summer stratification, at approximately 1 % of surface PAR irradiance. We examined whether the position of DCM changes as a consequence of long-time (global warming: glacial clay input) and short-time (eruption: volcanic ashes) events. We performed different field studies: (1) an interlacustrine analysis of six lakes from different basins, including data of the 2011 volcanic eruption, which caused an unexpected variation in water transparency; and (2) an intralacustrine analysis in which we compared different stations along a transparency gradient in Lake Mascardi caused by glacial clay input at one end of the gradient. In these analyses, we documented changes in DCM depth and its relationship with different parameters. DCM development was not related with thermocline depth or nutrient distribution. In all cases, the only significant variables were Kd 320 nm and Kd PAR. Our study showed that suspended particles (glacial clay and volcanic ashes) can play a crucial role in transparent lakes, affecting lake features such as the phototrophic biomass distribution along the water column. Suspended solid inputs from either glacial clay or volcanic ashes produce a comparable effect, provoking a decrease in light and, consequently, an upper location of the DCM. Thus, the DCM position is highly sensitive to global changes, such as increased temperatures causing glacier recession or to regional changes caused by volcanic eruptions.
机译:阿根廷的北巴塔哥尼亚安第斯湖泊是高光,低营养的环境,在夏季分层期间,在金属磁层上表现出深的叶绿素最大值(DCM),大约是表面PAR辐照度的1%。我们检查了DCM的位置是否由于长期(全球变暖:冰川粘土输入)和短期(喷发:火山灰)事件的结果而改变。我们进行了不同的野外研究:(1)对来自不同流域的六个湖泊进行湖间分析,包括2011年火山喷发的数据,这导致水透明度出现意外变化; (2)湖面内分析,在该分析中,我们比较了由马斯卡德湖的透明坡度的不同站点所致,这些透明度是由梯度一端的冰川粘土输入引起的。在这些分析中,我们记录了DCM深度的变化及其与不同参数的关系。 DCM的发育与跃层深度或营养物质分布无关。在所有情况下,唯一重要的变量是Kd 320 nm和Kd PAR。我们的研究表明,悬浮颗粒(冰川粘土和火山灰)在透明湖泊中起着至关重要的作用,影响湖泊特征,例如沿水柱的光养生物质分布。来自冰川粘土或火山灰的悬浮固体投入物产生了可比的效果,导致光线减少,因此导致DCM的上方位置减少。因此,DCM位置对全球变化高度敏感,例如温度升高导致冰川退缩或火山喷发引起的区域变化。

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