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The metabolism of aquatic ecosystems: history, applications, and future challenges

机译：水生生态系统的新陈代谢：历史，应用和未来挑战

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摘要

Measurements of the production and consumption of organic material have been a focus of aquatic science for more than 80 years. Over the last century, a variety of approaches have been developed and employed for measuring rates of gross primary production (P_g), respiration (R), and net ecosystem production (P_n = P_g-R) within aquatic ecosystems. Here, we reconsider the range of approaches and applications for ecosystem metabolism measurements, and suggest ways by which such studies can continue to contribute to aquatic ecology. This paper reviews past and contemporary studies of aquatic ecosystem-level metabolism to identify their role in understanding and managing aquatic systems. We identify four broad research objectives that have motivated ecosystem metabolism studies: (1) quantifying magnitude and variability of metabolic rates for cross-system comparison, (2) estimating organic matter transfer between adjacent systems or subsystems, (3) measuring ecosystem-scale responses to perturbation, both natural and anthropogenic, and (4) quantifying and calibrating models of biogeochemical processes and trophic networks. The magnitudes of wholesystem gross primary production, respiration and net ecosystem production rates vary among aquatic environments and are partly constrained by the chosen methodology. We argue that measurements of ecosystem metabolism should be a vital component of routine monitoring at larger scales in the aquatic environment using existing flexible, precise, and durable sensor technologies. Current and future aquatic ecosystem studies will benefit from application of new methods for metabolism measurements, which facilitate integration of process measurements and calibration of models for addressing fundamental questions involving ecosystem-scale processes.
机译：80多年来，测量有机材料的生产和消耗一直是水科学的重点。在上个世纪，已经开发出了多种方法来测量水生生态系统内的初级总产值（P_g），呼吸（R）和生态系统净产值（P_n = P_g-R）。在这里，我们重新考虑了生态系统代谢测量的方法和应用范围，并提出了此类研究可以继续为水生生态做出贡献的方式。本文回顾了过去和当代对水生生态系统水平代谢的研究，以确定它们在理解和管理水生系统中的作用。我们确定了促进生态系统代谢研究的四个广泛的研究目标：（1）量化代谢速率的大小和变异性以进行跨系统比较；（2）估计相邻系统或子系统之间的有机物转移；（3）测量生态系统规模的响应自然和人为干扰；以及（4）量化和校准生物地球化学过程和营养网络模型。整个系统的初级生产总值，呼吸作用和生态系统净生产率的大小在水生环境中各不相同，并且在一定程度上受到所选方法的限制。我们认为，使用现有的灵活，精确和耐用的传感器技术，对生态系统代谢的测量应该是在水生环境中进行大规模常规监测的重要组成部分。当前和未来的水生生态系统研究将受益于新陈代谢测量方法的应用，新方法可促进过程测量的集成和模型的校准，以解决涉及生态系统规模过程的基本问题。

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  • 来源
    《Aquatic Sciences》 |2012年第1期|p.15-29|共15页
  • 作者

    Peter A. Staehr; Jeremy M. Testa; W. Michael Kemp; Jon J. Cole; Kaj Sand-Jensen; Stephen V. Smith;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Marine Ecology, National Environmental Research Institute, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 4000, Roskilde, Denmark;

    Horn Point Laboratory, Center for Environmental Science, University of Maryland, PO Box 775, Cambridge, MD 21613, USA;

    Horn Point Laboratory, Center for Environmental Science, University of Maryland, PO Box 775, Cambridge, MD 21613, USA;

    Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Box AB, Millbrook, NY 12545-0129, USA;

    Freshwater Biological Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Helsing0rsgade 51, 3400 Hillerctd, Denmark;

    Departamento de Geologfa, Centra de Investigation Cientifica y de Education Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    aquatic ecosystems; metabolism; methods; history; applications; future;

    机译：水生生态系统;代谢;方法;历史;应用;未来;

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