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Diversity and functions of microscopic fungi: a missing component in pelagic food webs

机译：微观真菌的多样性和功能：中上层食物网中缺失的成分

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摘要

Fungi are a highly complex group of organisms of the kingdom Eumycota (i.e. the true-fungi) and other fungus-like organisms traditionally studied by mycologists, such as slime molds (Myxomycota) and oomycota (Stra-minopiles or Heterokonts). They constitute a significant proportion of the as yet undiscovered biota that is crucial in ecological processes and human well-being, through at least three main trophic modes: saprophytism, parasitism, or symbiosis. In addition to direct benefit (sources of antibiotics) or adverse effects (agents of disease), fungi can impact many environmental processes, particularly those associated with the decomposition of organic matter. They are present in almost all regions and climates, even under extreme conditions. However, studies have focussed mostly on economically interesting species, and knowledge of their diversity and functions is mainly restricted to soil, rhizosphere, mangrove, and lotic ecosystems. In this study, we review the diversity and potential functions of microscopic fungi in aquatic ecosystems, with focus on the pelagic environments where they often are regarded as allochthonous material, of low ecological significance for food-web processes. Recent environmental 18S rDNA surveys of microbial eukaryotes have (1) unveiled a large reservoir of unexpected fungal diversity in pelagic systems, (2) emphasized their ecological potentials for ecosystem functioning, and (3) opened new perspectives in the context of food-web dynamics. In spite of persisting methodological difficulties, we conclude that a better documentation of the diversity and quantitative and functional importance ofrnfungi will improve our understanding of pelagic processes and biogeochemical cycling.
机译：真菌是真菌科（Eumycota）（即真真菌）和真菌学家传统上研究的其他类真菌生物的高度复杂的生物群，例如粘菌（Myxomycota）和卵菌（Stra-minopiles或Heterokonts）。它们通过至少三种主要的营养模式（腐生，寄生或共生）构成了尚未发现的对生态进程和人类福祉至关重要的生物群的重要部分。除了直接的好处（抗生素的来源）或不利的影响（疾病的媒介）外，真菌还可以影响许多环境过程，尤其是与有机物分解有关的过程。它们存在于几乎所有地区和气候中，即使在极端条件下也是如此。但是，研究主要集中在具有经济意义的物种上，有关其多样性和功能的知识主要限于土壤，根际，红树林和抽水生态系统。在这项研究中，我们审查了水生生态系统中的微观真菌的多样性和潜在功能，重点研究了通常被视为异源物质的中上层环境，对食物网过程的生态学意义不大。最近对微生物真核生物的环境18S rDNA调查（1）揭示了中上层系统中大量真菌出乎意料的真菌多样性；（2）强调了其在生态系统功能方面的生态潜力；（3）在食物网动态的背景下开辟了新视野。尽管存在方法上的困难，我们得出的结论是，对真菌的多样性以及数量和功能重要性的更好文献记载将增进我们对浮游过程和生物地球化学循环的理解。

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  • 来源
    《Permafrost and periglacial processes》 |2010年第3期|P.255-268|共14页
  • 作者

    Marlene Jobard; Serena Rasconi; Telesphore Sime-Ngando;

  • 作者单位

    Laboratoire Microorganismes: Genome et Environnement (LMGE), UMR CNRS 6023, Universite Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand II, 63177 Aubiere Cedex, France;

    Laboratoire Microorganismes: Genome et Environnement (LMGE), UMR CNRS 6023, Universite Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand II, 63177 Aubiere Cedex, France;

    Laboratoire Microorganismes: Genome et Environnement (LMGE), UMR CNRS 6023, Universite Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand II, 63177 Aubiere Cedex, France;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    fungi; diversity; microbial ecology; food-web dynamics; aquatic ecosystems;

    机译：菌类;多样性微生物生态学食物网动态;水生生态系统;

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