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首页> 外文期刊>Aquatic Sciences >Nutrient transfer from soil to surface waters: Differences between nitrate and phosphate
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Nutrient transfer from soil to surface waters: Differences between nitrate and phosphate

机译：营养物质从土壤转移到地表水：硝酸盐和磷酸盐之间的差异

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摘要

Nitrate (NO_3~–) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), the two major dissolved N and P species available to aquatic biota, respond differently to varying water discharge rates (Q) in agricultural drainage pipes and rivers (Fig. 1): SRP concentrations are positively related to Q, whereas NO3– concentrations decrease with increasing discharge rates. In addition, NO_3-N concentrations exceed (in mass units) SRP concentrations up to 700-fold even though the liquid manure applied to agricultural fields has a N:P ratio equal to only about 5. Preferential flow of rainwater across the soil column and different affinities of the two nutrients for the soil matrix explain these differences in behaviour and mobility:i. Concentrations of substances that have a high sorption affinity for the soil matrix (such as SRP) tend to increase in drainage pipes and streams as water discharge increases. ii. Concentrations of species that are not retarded by sorption processes (such as NO_3~–) and, hence, do not accumulate in the topsoil, tend to be negatively related to discharge rate. Differences in the availability and pool size of NO_3~- and SRP in the topsoil explain the different hysteresis patterns if NO_3~- and SRP concentrations are plotted versus the corresponding discharge rate during precipitation events (Fig. 2).
机译：硝酸盐（NO_3〜–）和可溶性反应性磷（SRP）是水生生物可用的两种主要溶解氮和磷物种，对农业排水管和河流中不同的排水速率（Q）有不同的响应（图1）：浓度与Q呈正相关，而NO3–浓度则随着排放速率的增加而降低。此外，即使用于农田的液态肥料的N：P比率仅等于约5，NO_3-N的浓度也超过（以质量为单位）SRP浓度高达700倍。两种养分对土壤基质的不同亲和力可以解释这些行为和流动性的差异：i。随着排水量的增加，对土壤基质（例如SRP）具有高吸附亲和力的物质的浓度往往会在排水管和溪流中增加。 ii。未被吸附过程阻碍的物质（例如NO_3〜–）的浓度，因此不会积聚在表土中，往往与排放速率负相关。如果绘制NO_3〜-和SRP浓度相对于降水过程中相应的排放速率，则表土中NO_3〜-和SRP的有效性和库大小的差异解释了不同的滞后模式（图2）。

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  • 来源
    《Aquatic Sciences》 |2004年第1期|p. 117-122|共6页
  • 作者

    Rene Gachter; Sandra M. Steingruber; Miriam Reinhardt; Bernhard Wehrli;

  • 作者单位

    Limnological Research Center, Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology (EAWAG), 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland;

    Dipartimento del territorio, Divisione dellambiente, Sezione della protezione dellaria, dellacqua e del suolo, Ufficio della protezione e della depurazione delle acque, via C. Salvioni 2a, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland;

    Limnological Research Center, Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology (EAWAG), 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland;

    Limnological Research Center, Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology (EAWAG), 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 水文科学（水界物理学）;
  • 关键词

    phosphorus; nitrogen; drainage; agriculture; eutrophication;

    机译：磷;氮;排水;农业;富营养化;

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