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首页> 外文期刊>Aquatic Sciences >Conservation genetics in aquatic species: General approaches and case studies in fishes and springsnails of arid lands
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Conservation genetics in aquatic species: General approaches and case studies in fishes and springsnails of arid lands

机译：水生物种的保护遗传学：干旱地区鱼类和弹簧钉的一般方法和案例研究

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Many aquatic species have become endangered because of the elimination and fragmentation of their habitat, human alteration of the environment, and introduced species. New applications and insights from genetic studies of endangered species are being used to formulate management plans to prevent extinction of endangered taxa. Here we discuss three applications of genetic techniques to the conservation of endangered aquatic species in the desert Southwest, USA. First, we discuss estimation of long-term effective population size in three endangered big-river fishes, bonytail chub ( Gila elegans), humpback chub ( G. cypha) and razorback suckers (Xyrauchen texanus), of the lower Colorado River. For all three species, the current census number is much smaller than the estimated effective population size in which these species evolved. Second, we discuss the determination of species, ESUs, and MUs in the endangered Sonoran topminnow. Molecular genetic data show that the Gila and Yaqui topminnows are different species. Experimental examination of pre-mating and post-mating reproductive isolation demonstrates that some reproductive isolation has already developed between these two species. Finally, springsnails (Pyrgulopsis) of the lower Colorado River basin exist only in remote and isolated springs. Examination of molecular variation generally supports the morphological designation of 16 different species, although a few species have several ESUs. There does not appear to be a correlation of genetic and geographic distance between species, suggesting that they are quite old. These genetic studies provide insight into the conservation of these rare aquatic species. Although mitigating ecological factors may be most significant in preventing extinction, genetic studies can provide the evolutionary context for endangered species and identify what units are most in need of conservation.
机译：由于其栖息地的消除和破碎，人类环境的变化以及引进物种的影响，许多水生物种已濒临灭绝。来自濒危物种遗传研究的新应用和新见识被用于制定管理计划，以防止濒危物种的灭绝。在这里，我们讨论了遗传技术在美国西南沙漠中濒临灭绝的水生物种保护中的三种应用。首先，我们讨论了科罗拉多河下游三种濒危大河鱼类，马尾ony（Gila elegans），驼背h（G。cypha）和剃刀suck（Xyrauchen texanus）的长期有效种群规模的估计。对于这三个物种，当前的人口普查数都比这些物种进化的估计有效种群数量小得多。其次，我们讨论了濒临灭绝的Sonoran topminnow中物种，ESU和MU的确定。分子遗传数据显示，吉拉和亚基顶级小鱼是不同的物种。交配前和交配后生殖隔离的实验检查表明，这两个物种之间已经形成了一些生殖隔离。最后，下科罗拉多河流域的蜗牛（Pyrgulopsis）仅存在于偏远和孤立的温泉中。分子变异的检查通常支持16种不同物种的形态命名，尽管少数物种具有几种ESU。物种之间的遗传距离和地理距离似乎没有相关性，表明它们已经很老了。这些遗传研究提供了对这些稀有水生物种保护的见识。尽管减轻生态因素可能对防止灭绝最重要，但遗传研究可以为濒危物种提供进化背景，并确定最需要保护的单位。

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