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Effects of a multi-year experimental fllod regime on macro-invertebrates downstream of a reservoir

机译：多年实验洪水对储层下游大型无脊椎动物的影响

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We examined the response of stream macroinvertebrates to a multiple-year experimental flood regime downstream of a large reservoir. Benthic samples were collected from the River Spol prior to the initial flood (1999) and at periodic intervals before and after eight floods from 2000 through 2002. Three artificial floods occurred each in 2000 and 2001, and two floods were implemented in 2002. We also sampled macroinvertebrates in an adjacent tributary (Val da l'Aqua) on the same dates as in the Spol to assess the natural temporal variability in assemblage structure. The regulated baseflow discharge in the Spol was <2.5 m~3/s, whereas the floods ranged from 10 m~3/s to over 25 m~3/s with some flood peaks reaching >40 m~3/s for a short period. Repeated measures ANOVA indicated that the floods significantly reduced macroinvertebrate densities in the Spol, although recovery to pre-flood densities occurred within a matter of weeks to densities found in 1999. A principal components analysis revealed that assemblage composition shifted in response to the recurring floods, first from 1999 to 2000 and then from 2000 to 2001/2. Taxa that decreased in abundance due to the floods included the Gammaridae (Gammarus fossarum) and Turbellaria (Crenobia alpina). Taxa that increased in abundance include Baetidae, Chironomidae, and Heptageniidae that were negatively impacted by the floods in 2000, subsequently increased in abundance. Our data suggest that the response of macroinvertebrates to experimental floods occurs over a period of years rather than months, as species composition adjusts to the new and more variable habitat template. Future changes are expected as additional species begin to colonize the river from adjacent sources. The results clearly show that the experimental flood regime should be maintained if resource managers wish to sustain the development of a more natural macroinvertebrate assemblage.
机译：我们检查了大型水库下游河流大型无脊椎动物对多年实验洪水的响应。在最初的洪水（1999年）之前以及从2000年到2002年的八次洪水之前和之后的周期性时间间隔，从Spol河采集底栖动物样品。2000年和2001年分别发生了3次人工洪水，2002年实施了两次洪水。在与Spol相同的日期在相邻的支流（Val da l'Aqua）中采样大型无脊椎动物，以评估组合结构的自然时间变异性。 Spol的调节基流流量<2.5 m〜3 / s，而洪水的范围从10 m〜3 / s到超过25 m〜3 / s，一些洪水峰值在短时间内达到> 40 m〜3 / s。期。重复测量的方差分析表明，洪水使Spol中的大型无脊椎动物密度显着降低，尽管恢复到洪水前的密度在几周内就恢复到了1999年的密度。一次主成分分析表明，组合物的组成因不断发生的洪水而发生了变化，首先是1999年至2000年，然后是2000年至2001/2。由于洪水而大量减少的分类单元包括Gammaridae（Gammarus fossarum）和Turbellaria（Crenobia alpina）。数量大量增加的类群包括Ba科（Baetidae），猫科（Chironomidae）和七足纲（Heptageniidae），它们在2000年受到洪水的不利影响，随后数量增加。我们的数据表明，大型无脊椎动物对实验洪水的响应发生在数年而不是数月之内，因为物种组成适应了新的且变化更大的生境模板。随着其他物种开始从邻近源开始在河中定殖，预计未来会发生变化。结果清楚地表明，如果资源经理希望维持更自然的大型无脊椎动物种群的发展，则应维持试验性洪水制度。

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