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Redox Flow Battery for Energy Storage

机译：储能氧化还原液流电池

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摘要

The redox flow battery has undergone widespread research since the early 1970s. Several different redox couples have been investigated and reported in the literature. Only three systems as such have seen some commercial development, namely the all-vanadium (by VRB-ESS), the bromine-polysulfide (RGN-ESS) and the zinc-bromine (Powercell) systems. The vanadium-bromine system may be an attractive replacement for the all-vanadium system due to its higher energy density with possible applications as energy storage systems for electric vehicles. Other redox flow battery systems have faced problems due to slow electrochemical kinetics of redox couples, membrane fouling, cross-contamination, high costs (mainly due to the membrane as well as inefficient cell stack design), poor sealing, shunt current losses and low energy capacity (due to the use of aqueous electrolytes). One of the main factors limiting further development of the redox flow battery so far is the high costs associated with the ion-exchange membrane. Focussed research in this as well as areas such as reactor characterization and electrode design is necessary to ensure the widespread commercialization of the technology. In this paper, various redox flow systems are discussed historically and technically and the latest developments are compared.
机译：自1970年代初以来，氧化还原液流电池就进行了广泛的研究。在文献中已经研究并报道了几种不同的氧化还原对。同样只有三个系统在商业上得到了发展，即全钒（VRB-ESS开发），溴化多硫化物（RGN-ESS）和溴化锌（Powercell）系统。钒-溴系统可能是全钒系统的诱人替代品，因为它具有更高的能量密度，并有可能用作电动汽车的储能系统。其他氧化还原液流电池系统由于氧化还原电对的电化学动力学较慢，膜污染，交叉污染，成本高（主要是由于膜以及低效率的电池堆设计），密封性差，分流电流损耗和能量低而面临问题。容量（由于使用水性电解质）。迄今为止，限制氧化还原液流电池进一步发展的主要因素之一是与离子交换膜相关的高成本。为了确保该技术的广泛商业化，有必要对此进行重点研究，以及诸如反应堆表征和电极设计等领域。在本文中，对各种氧化还原流系统进行了历史和技术讨论，并对最新发展进行了比较。

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