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首页> 外文期刊>Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering >RST Invariant Blind Image Watermarking Schemes Based on Discrete Tchebichef Transform and Singular Value Decomposition
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RST Invariant Blind Image Watermarking Schemes Based on Discrete Tchebichef Transform and Singular Value Decomposition

机译：基于离散Tchebichef变换和奇异值分解的RST不变盲图像水印方案

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摘要

This paper presents a new rotation, scale and translation invariant blind watermarking algorithm that combines discreteTchebichef transform (DTT) with a singular value decomposition (SVD) scheme. The proposed method overcomes falsepositiveproblem, and diagonal line problem in the extracted watermark. The DTT coefficients of the image are arranged ina wavelet-like hierarchical sub-band scheme which generates LL (approximation), HL (vertical), LH (horizontal) and HH(diagonal) sub-bands. SVD is applied to all DTT sub-bands in order to decompose it into lower triangular, diagonal and uppertriangular components. After applying SVD, the principal components of the watermark are embedded into the diagonalcomponents of each DTT sub-band using appropriate scale factor. Further improvement of robustness is achieved due tothe combination of Arnold transform and permutation operation which scrambles the watermark. Embedding the principalcomponent rather than diagonal component of the watermark makes the algorithm robust to false-positive and ambiguityattacks. The visible diagonal line problem in the extracted watermark is also successively eliminated due to the embedmentof principal components of watermark rather than the watermark. In addition to this, our scheme shows better robustness tomost of the signal processing attacks. A suitable reverse process is applied to extract the watermark at the decoder output.The proposed method is also combined with scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) at the output stage of the encoder. Thegeometrical attacks such as rotation, scale and translation are restored back using the feature mapping process owing toSIFT at the decoder input. Finally, the watermark can be recovered by applying extraction algorithm at the decoder output.Simulation on various kinds of standard test images demonstrated that the proposed methods shows a better trade-off againstimperceptibility and robustness to common attacks, geometrical attacks as well as combined attacks.
机译：本文提出了一种新的旋转，缩放和平移不变盲水印算法，该算法将离散Tchebichef变换（DTT）与奇异值分解（SVD）方案相结合。该方法克服了假阳性问题和提取水印中的对角线问题。图像的DTT系数按小波状分层子带方案排列，生成LL（近似值），HL（垂直），LH（水平）和HH（对角线）子带。 SVD应用于所有DTT子带，以将其分解为下部三角形，对角线和上部三角形分量。应用SVD之后，使用适当的比例因子将水印的主要成分嵌入每个DTT子带的对角成分中。由于Arnold变换和使水印加扰的置换运算的结合，因此进一步提高了鲁棒性。嵌入水印的主成分而不是对角成分使算法对于错误肯定和歧义攻击具有鲁棒性。由于嵌入了水印而不是水印的主要成分，因此也连续消除了提取的水印中的可见对角线问题。除此之外，我们的方案对大多数信号处理攻击都表现出更好的鲁棒性。适当的逆过程被应用于在解码器输出处提取水印。所提出的方法还与编码器输出级的尺度不变特征变换（SIFT）相结合。由于在解码器输入端的SIFT，使用特征映射过程恢复了旋转，缩放和平移等几何攻击。最后，可以通过在解码器输出端应用提取算法来恢复水印。对各种标准测试图像的仿真表明，所提出的方法在对抗普通攻击，几何攻击以及组合攻击的不可感知性和鲁棒性方面表现出更好的权衡。

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