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Umbrella clauses: a trend towards its elimination

机译：雨伞条款：消除雨伞的趋势

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摘要

Since 2003, when the issue of its scope was discussed for the first time in SGS v Pakistan, the umbrella clause have been stressing parties, lawyers, and more importantly, arbitrators. Arguably one of the most controversial standards of protection in investment treaties, through the past decade many arbitral tribunals reached different conclusions concerning the interpretation of this clause. From questions of whether the umbrella clause can elevate a contractual breach into a treaty breach, to whether it can bind non signatories to the investment agreement (privity of contract issues), arbitral tribunals are yet to reach consensus on these matters, and such inconsistencies, sooner or later, have its consequences. States are beginning to leave umbrella clauses out of their treaties and model BITs, in an attempt to make sure that only international law principles are protected and not merely contractual obligations. This piece analyses the different decisions that are resulting in a trend towards an elimination of the umbrella clause as a standard of protection.
机译：自2003年以来，当在SGS诉巴基斯坦中首次讨论其范围问题时，总括性条款一直在强调当事方，律师，更重要的是仲裁员。可以说，这是投资条约中最有争议的保护标准之一，在过去十年中，许多仲裁庭对这一条款的解释得出了不同的结论。从伞式条款是否可以将合同违约升级为条约违约，到是否可以使非签署人对投资协议具有约束力（合同私下性）等问题，仲裁庭尚未就这些问题达成共识，并且此类不一致之处，迟早会有其后果。各国开始将伞式条款从其条约和双边投资条约范本中剔除，以确保仅保护国际法原则，而不仅仅是合同义务。本篇文章分析了各种决定，这些决定导致了一种趋势，即逐渐取消了作为保护标准的保护伞条款。

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