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“Astonishing Successes” and “Bitter Disappointment”: The Specific Heat of Hydrogen in Quantum Theory

机译:“惊人的成功”和“令人失望的失望”:量子理论中氢的比热

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The specific heat of hydrogen gas at low temperatures was first measured in 1912 by Arnold Eucken in Walther Nernst’s laboratory in Berlin, and provided one of the earliest experimental supports for the new quantum theory. Even earlier, Nernst had developed a quantum theory of rotating diatomic gas molecules that figured in the discussions at the first Solvay conference in late 1911. Between 1913 and 1925, Albert Einstein, Paul Ehrenfest, Max Planck, Fritz Reiche, and Erwin Schrödinger, among many others, attempted theoretical descriptions of the rotational specific heat of hydrogen, with only limited success. Quantum theory also was central to the study of molecular spectra, where initially it was more successful. Moreover, the two problems interacted in sometimes surprising ways. Not until 1927, following Werner Heisenberg’s discovery of the behavior of indistinguishable particles in modern quantum mechanics, did American theorist David Dennison find a successful theory of the specific heat of hydrogen.
机译:低温氢气的比热是1912年由柏林的Walther Nernst实验室的Arnold Eucken首次测量的,并为新量子理论提供了最早的实验依据之一。 Nernst甚至更早就发展了旋转双原子气体分子的量子理论,该理论在1911年末举行的首届索尔维会议上的讨论中得到了体现。1913年至1925年之间,阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦,保罗·埃伦费斯特,麦克斯·普朗克,弗里茨·里奇和欧文·薛定er许多其他人尝试对氢的旋转比热进行理论描述,但仅获得有限的成功。量子理论在分子光谱研究中也起着至关重要的作用,在最初它更成功。此外,这两个问题有时以令人惊讶的方式相互作用。直到1927年,随着维尔纳·海森堡(Werner Heisenberg)在现代量子力学中发现不可区分的粒子的行为之后,美国理论家戴维·丹尼森(David Dennison)才找到了成功的氢比热理论。

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