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Modeling Breast Ultrasound; on the Applicability of Commonly Made Approximations

机译：乳房超声建模；常用近似的适用性

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摘要

To design breast ultrasound scanning systems or to test new imaging methods, various computer models are used to simulate the acoustic wave field propagation through a breast. The computer models vary in complexity depending on the applied approximations. The objective of this paper is to investigate how the applied approximations affect the resulting wave field. In particular, we investigate the importance of taking three-dimensional (3-D) spatial variations in the compressibility, volume density of mass, and attenuation into account. In addition, we compare four 3-D solution methods: a full-wave method, a Born approximation method, a parabolic approximation method, and a ray-based method. Results show that, for frequencies below 1 MHz, the amplitude of the fields scattering off the compressibility or density contrasts are at least 24 dB higher than the amplitude of the fields scattering off the attenuation contrasts. The results also show that considering only speed of sound as a contrast is a valid approximation. In addition, it is shown that the pressure field modeled with the full-wave method is more accurate than the fields modeled using the other three methods. Finally, the accuracy of the full-wave method is location independent whereas the accuracy of the other methods strongly depends on the point of observation.
机译：为了设计乳房超声扫描系统或测试新的成像方法，使用各种计算机模型来模拟声波场在乳房中的传播。计算机模型的复杂度取决于所应用的近似值。本文的目的是研究所应用的近似值如何影响所得的波场。特别是，我们研究了在可压缩性，质量体积密度和衰减中考虑三维（3-D）空间变化的重要性。此外，我们比较了四种3-D解法：全波法，玻恩近似法，抛物线近似法和基于射线的法。结果表明，对于低于1 MHz的频率，散射自可压缩性或密度对比的场的振幅至少比散射自衰减对比的场的振幅高24 dB。结果还表明，仅考虑声速作为对比度是有效的近似值。此外，还显示了用全波方法建模的压力场比使用其他三种方法建模的压力场更准确。最后，全波方法的精度与位置无关，而其他方法的精度很大程度上取决于观察点。

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