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首页> 外文期刊>Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology >Assessing Contaminant Sensitivity of Endangered and Threatened Aquatic Species: Part II. Chronic Toxicity of Copper and Pentachlorophenol to Two Endangered Species and Two Surrogate Species
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Assessing Contaminant Sensitivity of Endangered and Threatened Aquatic Species: Part II. Chronic Toxicity of Copper and Pentachlorophenol to Two Endangered Species and Two Surrogate Species

机译：评估濒危和受威胁水生生物的污染物敏感性：第二部分。铜和五氯苯酚对两种濒危物种和两种替代物种的慢性毒性。

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Early life-stage toxicity tests with copper and pentachlorophenol (PCP) were conducted with two species listed under the United States Endangered Species Act (the endangered fountain darter, Etheostoma fonticola, and the threatened spotfin chub, Cyprinella monacha) and two commonly tested species (fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas, and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss). Results were compared using lowest–observed effect concentrations (LOECs) based on statistical hypothesis tests and by point estimates derived by linear interpolation and logistic regression. Sublethal end points, growth (mean individual dry weight) and biomass (total dry weight per replicate) were usually more sensitive than survival. The biomass end point was equally sensitive as growth and had less among-test variation. Effect concentrations based on linear interpolation were less variable than LOECs, which corresponded to effects ranging from 9% to 76% relative to controls and were consistent with thresholds based on logistic regression. Fountain darter was the most sensitive species for both chemicals tested, with effect concentrations for biomass at ≤ 11 μg/L (LOEC and 25% inhibition concentration [IC25]) for copper and at 21 μg/L (IC25) for PCP, but spotfin chub was no more sensitive than the commonly tested species. Effect concentrations for fountain darter were lower than current chronic water quality criteria for both copper and PCP. Protectiveness of chronic water-quality criteria for threatened and endangered species could be improved by the use of safety factors or by conducting additional chronic toxicity tests with species and chemicals of concern.
机译：在美国《濒危物种法》下列出的两种物种（濒危的源泉飞蛾Etheostoma fonticola和濒临灭绝的斑鳍Cyprinella monacha）和两种经过测试的常见物种（铜和五氯苯酚（PCP））在生命初期进行了毒性测试。胖头min鱼，Pimephales promelas和虹鳟鱼Oncorhynchus mykiss）。使用基于统计假设检验的最低观测效应浓度（LOEC）以及通过线性插值和逻辑回归得出的点估计值对结果进行比较。亚致死终点，生长（平均个体干重）和生物量（每个重复的总干重）通常比存活更敏感。生物质终点与生长同样敏感，并且测试间差异较小。基于线性插值的效应浓度比LOEC的变异性小，这对应于相对于对照的效应范围为9％至76％，并且与基于逻辑回归的阈值一致。喷泉飞镖是对这两种化学药品最敏感的物种，对铜的生物量影响浓度≤11μg/ L（LOEC和25％抑制浓度[IC25]），对PCP的影响浓度为21μg/ L（IC25），但有斑点chu并不比通常测试的物种更敏感。喷泉飞镖的影响浓度低于现行的铜和五氯苯酚慢性水质标准。通过使用安全系数或对关注的物种和化学物质进行额外的慢性毒性测试，可以改善对濒临灭绝的物种的慢性水质标准的保护性。

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    J. M. Besser; N. Wang; F. J. Dwyer; F. L. Mayer Jr.; C. G. Ingersoll;

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    Columbia Environmental Research Center United States Geological Survey 4200 New Haven Rd. Columbia Missouri 65201 USA;

    AScI Corporation Columbia Missouri 65211 USA;

    United States Fish and Wildlife Service Columbia Missouri 65201 USA;

    United States Environmental Protection Agency Gulf Breeze Florida 32561 USA;

    Columbia Environmental Research Center United States Geological Survey 4200 New Haven Rd. Columbia Missouri 65201 USA;

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