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首页> 外文期刊>Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology >The Effects of Tributyltin (TBT) and 3,3′,4,4′,5-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-126) Mixtures on Antibody Responses and Phagocyte Oxidative Burst Activity in Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus
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The Effects of Tributyltin (TBT) and 3,3′,4,4′,5-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-126) Mixtures on Antibody Responses and Phagocyte Oxidative Burst Activity in Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus

机译：三丁基锡（TBT）和3,3'，4,4'，5-五氯联苯（PCB-126）混合物对斑Channel鱼Ictalurus punctatus抗体反应和吞噬细胞氧化爆发活性的影响

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摘要

The organotin tributyltin (TBT) is an antifouling biocide used in marine paints and is a common pollutant in harbor estuaries. We previously demonstrated that the immune system of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, is a sensitive target organ of TBT. Exposure strongly suppresses humoral immune responses. Harbor estuaries often contain polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) due to their ubuquitous distribution. The coplanar congener 3,3′,4,4′5′-polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB-126) is also immunotoxic to channel catfish, but it suppresses only the innate immune responses and only at high doses. In this study we exposed channel catfish to TBT, PCB-126, or both in mixtures, with canola oil (CO) serving as the carrier control. Antibody responses to Vibrio anguillarum and phagocyte oxidative burst activity were measured after (1) a single dose of 0.01 or 1 mg/kg of each or both in combination, and (2) six injections of 1.7 or 170 μg/kg of each (or in combination) given every 3 days over a 16-day period to yield a cumulative dose of 0.01 or 1 mg/kg, respectively. We measured antibody responses to V. anguillarum 21 days after immunization and oxidative burst activities 14 and 21 days after the final treatment. The highest dose of TBT suppressed antibody responses after a single exposure. The high dose of PCB-126 also suppressed antibody responses. The addition of PCB-126 to TBT doses did not alter the antibody responses beyond the effects of TBT alone. In the repeated exposure group, only the high dose of TBT suppressed antibody responses. In animals exposed to mixtures, high levels of PCB-126 enhanced suppression associated with low levels of TBT, whereas PCB-126 protected against suppression associated with high levels of TBT. Single exposures to TBT or PCB-126 suppressed phagocyte oxidative burst activity. In animals exposed to mixtures, as a single exposure, the addition of a low dose PCB-126 protected against low dose TBT-related oxidative burst activity suppression. In the repeated exposure groups TBT suppressed oxidative burst activity, but only at the highest dose on day 21, while high doses of PCB-126 suppressed activity on day 14. Furthermore, low levels of PCB-126 reversed the suppressed oxidative burst activity associated with high levels of TBT on day 21. Overall, this study demonstrates moderate additivity in terms of the immunotoxicity of TBT and PCB-126 mixtures using these two endpoints of immune function in the channel catfish model.
机译：有机锡三丁基锡（TBT）是船用油漆中使用的防污杀菌剂，是港口河口的常见污染物。先前我们证明了cat鱼的免疫系统Ictalurus punctatus是TBT的敏感靶器官。接触强烈抑制体液免疫反应。由于海港河口分布普遍，通常含有多氯联苯（PCB）。共面同源物3,3'，4,4'5'-多氯联苯（PCB-126）对channel鱼也具有免疫毒性，但仅抑制先天免疫反应并且仅在高剂量时才起作用。在这项研究中，我们将channel鱼暴露于TBT，PCB-126或两者的混合物中，并以低芥酸菜子油（CO）作为载体对照。在（1）分别以0.01或1 mg / kg的单次剂量或两者结合后，以及（2）分别以1.7或170μg/ kg的六次注射（或（1）单次剂量）后，测量对鳗弧菌和吞噬细胞氧化爆发活性的抗体反应在16天的期间内每3天联合使用一次，以产生分别为0.01或1 mg / kg的累积剂量。我们在免疫后21天和最终治疗后14天和21天测量了对鳗弧菌的抗体反应以及氧化爆发活性。单次暴露后最高剂量的TBT抑制了抗体反应。高剂量的PCB-126也抑制了抗体反应。在TBT剂量中添加PCB-126不会改变抗体反应，而不仅仅是TBT的作用。在重复暴露组中，只有高剂量的TBT抑制抗体反应。在暴露于混合物的动物中，高水平的PCB-126会增强与低水平的TBT相关的抑制作用，而PCB-126能够防止与高水平的TBT相关的抑制作用。一次暴露于TBT或PCB-126会抑制吞噬细胞的氧化爆发活性。在暴露于混合物的动物中，作为一次暴露，添加低剂量的PCB-126可防止低剂量的TBT相关的氧化性爆发活性抑制。在重复暴露组中，TBT抑制氧化爆发活性，但仅在第21天达到最高剂量，而高剂量的PCB-126抑制其在第14天的活性。此外，低含量的PCB-126逆转了与氧化应激有关的氧化爆发活性。在第21天时TBT含量很高。总体而言，该研究证明了使用channel鱼模型中免疫功能的这两个端点对TBT和PCB-126混合物的免疫毒性具有中等可加性。

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    R. P. Regala; C. D. Rice; T. E. Schwedler; I. R. Dorociak;

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    Department of Environmental Toxicology P.O. Box 709 Clemson University Pendleton South Carolina 29670 USA;

    Department of Environmental Toxicology P.O. Box 709 Clemson University Pendleton South Carolina 29670 USA;

    Department of Aquaculture Fisheries and Wildlife Clemson University Clemson South Carolina 29670 USA;

    Department of Aquaculture Fisheries and Wildlife Clemson University Clemson South Carolina 29670 USA;

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