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Soldiers as Police Officers/ Police Officers as Soldiers: Role Evolution and Revolution in the United States

机译：作为警察的士兵/作为士兵的警察：美国的角色演变与革命

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摘要

The military and police professions share a number of common facets, but in spite of surface similarities, the two professions are significantly different. Consequently, the evidence indicating a convergence of primary aspects of the two roles presages an important societal development, with substantial implications on several levels. Thus, this article has several objectives. First, it reviews the evidence indicating role convergence, that is, evidence that significant segments of police operations in the United States have taken on military characteristics; and evidence indicating that many U.S. military initiatives have taken on policing characteristics. Next, using the notion of internal and external role-change "drivers," it examines how such role shifts occur and considers some political and legal implications of the shift.Third, the article compares the role orientations and job demands of both professions, identifying the important differences inherent in the two roles and presenting an analysis of the occupational implications of role convergence for job holders, job evaluators, and job "clients" (i.e., ordinary citizens). The last section considers the implications of role convergence for role management.
机译：军事和警察行业有着许多共同的方面，但是尽管表面上相似，但这两个行业还是有很大的不同。因此，表明这两个角色的主要方面趋同的证据预示着重要的社会发展，这在几个层面上都具有实质性意义。因此，本文有几个目标。首先，它审查了表明角色趋同的证据，也就是说，证据表明美国大部分警察行动都具有军事特征；和证据表明，许多美国军事计划都采取了警务特征。接下来，使用内部和外部角色转换“驱动程序”的概念，研究这种角色转换是如何发生的，并考虑这种转换的政治和法律含义。第三，本文比较了两个职业的角色定位和工作要求，确定了这两个角色固有的重要差异，并分析了角色融合对工作持有者，工作评估者和工作“客户”（即普通公民）的职业影响。最后一部分考虑了角色融合对角色管理的影响。

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