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首页> 外文期刊>Arthropod-Plant Interactions >Investigating the relationship between pollination strategies and the size-advantage model in zoophilous plants using the reproductive biology of Arum cylindraceum and other European Arum species as case studies
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Investigating the relationship between pollination strategies and the size-advantage model in zoophilous plants using the reproductive biology of Arum cylindraceum and other European Arum species as case studies

机译：以圆筒果和其他欧洲阿鲁姆种的生殖生物学为基础，研究食草植物的授粉策略与大小优势模型之间的关系

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摘要

The size-advantage model (SAM) explains the temporal variation of energetic investment on reproductive structures (i.e. male and female gametes and reproductive organs) in long-lived hermaphroditic plants and animals. It proposes that an increase in the resources available to an organism induces a higher relative investment on the most energetically costly sexual structures. In plants, pollination interactions are known to play an important role in the evolution of floral features. Because the SAM directly concerns flower characters, pollinators are expected to have a strong influence on the application of the model. This hypothesis, however, has never been tested. Here, we investigate whether the identity and diversity of pollinators can be used as a proxy to predict the application of the SAM in exclusive zoophilous plants. We present a new approach to unravel the dynamics of the model and test it on several widespread Arum (Araceae) species. By identifying the species composition, abundance and spatial variation of arthropods trapped in inflorescences, we show that some species (i.e. A. cylindraceum and A. italicum) display a generalist reproductive strategy, relying on the exploitation of a low number of dipterans, in contrast to the pattern seen in the specialist A. maculatum (pollinated specifically by two fly species only). Based on the model presented here, the application of the SAM is predicted for the first two and not expected in the latter species, those predictions being further confirmed by allometric measures. We here demonstrate that while an increase in the female zone occurs in larger inflorescences of generalist species, this does not happen in species demonstrating specific pollinators. This is the first time that this theory is both proposed and empirically tested in zoophilous plants. Its overall biological importance is discussed through its application in other non-Arum systems.
机译：规模优势模型（SAM）解释了寿命长的雌雄同体动植物生殖结构（即雄性和雌性配子及生殖器官）上的能量投资的时间变化。它提出，生物体可用资源的增加会导致对能量最昂贵的性结构的相对投资增加。在植物中，已知授粉相互作用在花卉特征的演变中起重要作用。由于SAM直接关系到花的性状，因此预计传粉媒介会对模型的应用产生重大影响。但是，这一假设从未得到检验。在这里，我们调查授粉媒介的身份和多样性是否可以用作预测SAM在排他性植物中的应用的代理。我们提出了一种新的方法来揭示模型的动力学，并在几种广泛的Arum（Araceae）物种上进行测试。通过确定被困在花序中的节肢动物的种类组成，丰度和空间变异，我们发现某些物种（即圆柱状拟南芥和意大利拟南芥）显示出通才的繁殖策略，相反，它们依赖于对少量斜纹夜蛾的利用。到专业的黄斑假单胞菌中看到的模式（仅由两种蝇类授粉）。根据此处介绍的模型，SAM的应用是针对前两个物种进行了预测，而在后一个物种中则没有预期，这些预测已通过异速测量得到了进一步证实。我们在这里证明，虽然雌性区的增加发生在通才种的较大花序中，但在表明特定传粉媒介的物种中却没有发生。这是首次在人畜共患病中提出和经验验证这一理论。通过在其他非Arum系统中的应用来讨论其整体生物学重要性。

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