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首页> 外文期刊>Artificial Organs >Spinal Involvement and Muscle Cramps in Electrically Elicited Muscle Contractions
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Spinal Involvement and Muscle Cramps in Electrically Elicited Muscle Contractions

机译：电诱发的肌肉收缩中的脊髓累及肌痉挛

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Electrical stimulation of innervated muscles has been investigated for many decades with alternations of high and low clinical interest in the fields of rehabilitation medicine and sports sciences. Early work demonstrated that afferent fibers have lower thresholds and are usually activated first (therefore eliciting an H-reflex). In the case of nerve trunk stimulation, the order of recruitment is mostly conditioned by the axonal dimension and excitability threshold. In the case of muscle motor point stimulation, the spatial distribution of nerve branches plays a predominant role. Sustained stimulation produces a progressive increase of force that is often maintained in subsequent voluntary activation by stroke patients. This observation suggested a facilitation mechanism at the spinal and/or supraspinal level. Such facilitation has been observed in healthy subjects as well, and may explain the generation of cramps elicited during stimulation and sustained for dozens of seconds after the stimulation has been interrupted. The most recent interpretations of facilitation resulting from peripheral stimulation focused on presynaptic (potentiation of neurotransmitter release from afferent fibers) or postsynaptic (generation of “persistent inward currents” in spinal motor neurons or interneurons) mechanisms. The renewed attention to these phenomena is once more increasing the interest toward electrical stimulation of the neuromuscular system. This is an opportunity for a structured investigation of the field aimed to resolving elements of confusion and controversy that still plague this area of electrophysiology.
机译：数十年来，在康复医学和体育科学领域，对神经支配肌的电刺激进行了研究，临床兴趣的高低交替出现。早期的工作表明，传入纤维的阈值较低，通常先被激活（因此引起H反射）。在神经干刺激的情况下，募集的顺序主要由轴突尺寸和兴奋性阈值决定。在肌肉运动点刺激的情况下，神经分支的空间分布起主要作用。持续的刺激会产生逐渐增加的力量，通常会在中风患者随后的自愿激活中维持这种力量。该观察结果表明在脊柱和/或脊柱上水平的促进机制。在健康受试者中也观察到这种促进作用，并且可以解释刺激期间诱发的抽筋的产生，并且在刺激中断之后持续抽筋数十秒钟。周围刺激引起的促进作用的最新解释集中在突触前（传入纤维释放神经递质的增强作用）或突触后（脊髓运动神经元或神经元间“持续内向电流”的产生）机制。对这些现象的重新关注再次增加了对神经肌肉系统电刺激的兴趣。这是对该领域进行结构化研究的机会，旨在解决仍然困扰着电生理学领域的困惑和争议。

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