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4D printing - revolution or fad?

机译：4D打印-革命还是时尚？

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Purpose - This feature article aims to review state-of-the-art developments in additive manufacture, in particular, 4D printing. It discusses what it is, what research has been carried out and maps potential applications and its future impact. Design/methodology/approach - The article first defines additive manufacturing technologies and goes on to describe the state-of-the-art. Following which the paper examines several case studies and maps a trend that shows an emergence of 4D printing. Findings - The case studies highlight a particular specialization within additive manufacture where the use of adaptive, biomimetic composites can be programmed to reshape, or have embedded properties or functionality that transform themselves when subjected to external stimuli. Originality/value - This paper discusses the state-of-the-art of additive manufacture, discussing strategies that can be used to reduce the print process (such as through kinematics); and the use of smart materials where parts adapt themselves in response to the surrounding environment supporting the notion of self-assemblies.
机译：目的-这篇专题文章旨在回顾增材制造（尤其是4D打印）的最新发展。它讨论了它是什么，已经进行了什么研究，并绘制了潜在的应用程序及其未来影响。设计/方法/方法-本文首先定义了增材制造技术，然后介绍了最新技术。接下来，本文研究了几个案例研究，并绘制了显示4D打印出现的趋势。发现-案例研究突出了增材制造领域的特殊专业，在该专业中，可以对自适应仿生复合材料的使用进行编程，以使其重塑形状，或者具有嵌入式特性或功能，这些特性或功能在受到外部刺激时会自我转化。原创性/价值-本文讨论了增材制造的最新技术，讨论了可用于减少印刷过程（例如通过运动学）的策略；以及使用智能材料来使零件适应周围环境，从而支持自组装概念。

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