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Did Earthquakes Keep the Early Crust Habitable?

机译:地震能使早期地壳生存吗?

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摘要

The shallow habitable region of cratonal crust deforms with a strain rate on the order of ~10~(-19) s~(-1). This is rapid enough that small seismic events are expected on one-kilometer spatial scales and one-million-year timescales. Rock faulting has the potential to release batches of biological substrate, such as dissolved H_2, permitting transient blooms. In addition, the steady-state deformation of the brittle crust causes numerous small faults to be permeable enough (on the order of ~10~(-15) m~2) for water to flow on a kilometer scale over relatively short geological times (~10~5 yr). Hence, active faults act as concentrated niches capable of episodically tapping resources in the bulk volume of the rock. Radiolysis and ferrous iron are potentially ba.ses of sustainable hard-rock niches.
机译:克拉通壳的浅层可居住区域以〜10〜(-19)s〜(-1)的应变速率变形。这样的速度足够快,以至在一公里的空间规模和一百万年的时间尺度上预计会发生小地震。岩石断层有可能释放出一批生物基质,例如溶解的H_2,从而允许短暂的水华。此外,脆性壳的稳态变形导致许多小断层具有足够的渗透性(约为〜10〜(-15)m〜2),以使水在相对短的地质时间内就可以以千米的速度流动( 〜10〜5年)。因此,活动断层是集中的壁ni,能够在岩石的大块地上挖掘资源。辐射分解和亚铁可能是可持续的硬岩壁垒的基础。

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