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With a grain of salt: What halite has to offer to discussions on the origin of life

机译：含盐：盐石必须提供给有关生命起源的讨论

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This experimental study investigated how the dynamics of the crystallization of the evaporite mineral halite could affect the accumulation and preservation of organic macromolecules present in the crystallizing solution. Halite was grown under controlled conditions in the presence of polymer nanoparticles that acted as an analog to protocellular material. Optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy were used to trace the localization of the nanoparticles during and after growth of halite crystals. The present study revealed that the organic nanoparticles were not regularly incorporated within the halite, but were very concentrated on its surfaces. Their distribution was controlled dominantly by the morphologic surface features of the mineral rather than by specific molecular interactions with an atomic plane of the mineral. This means that the distribution of organic molecules was controlled by surfaces like those of halite's evaporitic growth forms. The experiments with halite also demonstrated that a mineral need not continuously incorporate organic molecules during its crystallization to preserve those molecules: After rejection by (non-incorporation into) the crystallizing halite, the organic nanoparticles increased in concentration in the evaporating brine. They ultimately either adsorbed in rectilinear patterns onto the hopper-enhanced surfaces and along discontinuities within the crystals, or they were encapsulated within fluid inclusions. Of additional importance in origin-of-life considerations is the fact that halite in the natural environment rapidly can change its role from that of a protective repository (in the absence of water) to that of a source of organic particles (as soon as water is present) when the mineral dissolves.
机译：该实验研究调查了蒸发矿物盐石的结晶动力学如何影响结晶溶液中存在的有机大分子的积累和保存。在可控的条件下，在充当原始细胞材料类似物的聚合物纳米颗粒的存在下，使卤石生长。光学显微镜，原子力显微镜和激光扫描共聚焦荧光显微镜用于追踪盐岩晶体生长期间和之后纳米颗粒的定位。本研究表明，有机纳米粒子没有规则地掺入到盐岩中，而是非常集中在其表面上。它们的分布主要由矿物的形态表面特征控制，而不是由与矿物原子平面的特定分子相互作用控制。这意味着有机分子的分布受像盐石的蒸发生长形式的表面控制。用盐石进行的实验还表明，矿物不需要在结晶过程中连续掺入有机分子来保留这些分子：在被（不掺入）结晶盐石排斥后，有机纳米颗粒在蒸发的盐水中的浓度会增加。它们最终要么以直线模式吸附在漏斗增强的表面上，要么沿着晶体内的不连续性吸附，或者被包裹在流体包裹体中。在生命起源方面，另外一个重要的事实是，自然环境中的重晶石可以迅速将其作用从保护性储存库（在没有水的情况下）转变为有机颗粒物源（在有水的情况下）当矿物质溶解时）。

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