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首页> 外文期刊>Astrobiology >Influence on photosynthesis of starlight, moonlight, planetlight, and light pollution (reflections on photosynthetically active radiation in the universe)
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Influence on photosynthesis of starlight, moonlight, planetlight, and light pollution (reflections on photosynthetically active radiation in the universe)

机译：对星光，月光，行星光和光污染的光合作用的影响（对宇宙中光合有效辐射的反射）

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Photosynthesis on Earth can occur in a diversity of organisms in the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) range of 10 nmol of photons m(-2) s(-1) to 8 mmol of photons m(-2) s(-1). Similar considerations would probably apply to photosynthetic organisms on Earth-like planets (ELPs) in the continuously habitable zone of other stars. On Earth, starlight PAR is inadequate for photosynthetically supported growth. An increase in starlight even to reach the minimum theoretical levels to allow for photosynthesis would require a universe that was approximately ten million times older, or with a ten million times greater density of stars, than is the case for the present universe. Photosynthesis on an ELP using PAR reflected from a natural satellite with the same size as our Moon, but at the Roche limit, could support a low rate of photosynthesis at full Moon. Photosynthesis on an ELP-like satellite of a Jupiter-sized planet using light reflected from the planet could be almost 1% of the rate in full sunlight on Earth when the planet was full. These potential contributions to photosynthesis require that the contribution is compared with the rate of photosynthesis driven by direct radiation from the star. Light pollution on Earth only energizes photosynthesis by organisms that are very close to the light source. However, effects of light pollution on photosynthesis can be more widespread if the photosynthetic canopy is retained for more of the year, caused by effects on photoperiodism, with implications for the influence of civilizations on photosynthesis.
机译：地球上的光合作用可以发生在光合有效辐射（PAR）范围为10 nmol光子m（-2）s（-1）至8 mmol光子m（-2）s（-1）的各种生物中。类似的考虑可能适用于其他恒星连续居住区的类地行星（ELP）上的光合生物。在地球上，星光PAR不足以支持光合作用的生长。要使星光增加到达到光合作用的最低理论水平，就需要一个比现在的宇宙大一千万倍的恒星，或者恒星密度要大一千万倍。使用从与我们的月球大小相同的自然卫星反射而来的PAR进行的ELP上的光合作用，但在罗氏极限条件下，可以支持满月时较低的光合作用速率。在一个类似木星大小的行星的类似ELP的卫星上，利用从行星反射的光进行的光合作用，大约是该行星充满时地球上全日照率的1％。这些对光合作用的潜在贡献要求将其与恒星直接辐射驱动的光合作用速率进行比较。地球上的光污染只能激发非常靠近光源的生物进行光合作用。但是，如果光合冠层由于对光周期的影响而保留了一年多的时间，则光污染对光合作用的影响可能会更加广泛，这将影响到文明对光合作用的影响。

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