Experimental Support for an Immunological Approach to the Search for Life on Other Planets

Mary Higby Schweitzer; Jennifer Wittmeyer; Recep Avci; Seth Pincus

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Experimental Support for an Immunological Approach to the Search for Life on Other Planets

机译：免疫学方法寻找其他行星生命的实验支持

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摘要

We propose a three-phase approach to test for evidence of life in extraterrestrial samples. The approach capitalizes on the flexibility, sensitivity, and specificity of antibodyantigen interactions. Data are presented to support the first phase, in which various extraction protocols are compared for efficiency, and in which a preliminary suite of antibodies are tested against various antigens. The antigens and antibodies were chosen on the basis of criteria designed to optimize the detection of extraterrestrial biomarkers unique to living or once-living organisms.

机译：我们提出了一种三相方法来测试地外样本中生命的证据。该方法利用了抗体-抗原相互作用的灵活性，敏感性和特异性。提供数据以支持第一阶段，在第一阶段中比较了各种提取方案的效率，并在其中测试了针对各种抗原的初步抗体套件。抗原和抗体是根据旨在优化检测活生物或曾经活生物体特有的地外生物标记物的标准选择的。

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来源
《Astrobiology》 |2005年第1期|p. 30-47|共18页
作者
Mary Higby Schweitzer; Jennifer Wittmeyer; Recep Avci; Seth Pincus;
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作者单位

Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina;

Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina;

Department of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana;

Department of Microbiology Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana;

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收录信息美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
原文格式 PDF
正文语种 eng
中图分类航天（宇宙航行）;
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专利

1. Planets Around Alpha Centauri?Society Funds Help Support Planet Search [J] . The Planetary report . 2012,第1期

机译：Alpha Centauri周围的行星？社会基金帮助支持行星搜索
2. Geobiology: Evidence for early life on Earth and the search for life on other planets [J] . Sherry L. Cady, Nora Noffke GSA Today . 2009,第11期

机译：地球生物学：地球早期生命以及其他星球上生命寻找的证据
3. Geobiology: Evidence for early life on Earth and the search for life on other planets [J] . Nora Noffke, Sherry L. Cady GSA Today . 2009,第11期

机译：地球生物学：地球早期生命以及其他星球上生命寻找的证据
4. Terrestrial Planet Finder: the search for life-bearing planets around other stars [C] . Charles A. Beichman Conference on astronomical interferometry . 1998

机译：陆地行星发现者：在其他恒星上寻找终生行星
5. Support vector parameter selection using experimental design based generating set search (SVEG) with application to predictive software data modeling. [D] . Lim, Hojung. 2004

机译：使用基于实验设计的生成集搜索（SVEG）支持向量参数选择，并将其应用于预测软件数据建模。
6. In search of planets and life around other stars [O] . Jonathan I. Lunine 1999

机译：寻找其他恒星周围的行星和生命
7. Decision-making is the process of analyzing information about a problem situation and comparing it to a specific conclusion in order to solve a specific problematic (Yıkılmaz, 2001; Miller and Byrnes, 2001). Decision-making styles are a mechanism that is influenced by the internal and external conditions that determine the direction of the decisions of the individual, the content of the decision-making process, and the outcome of the decision-making process (Payne, Bettman and Johson, 1993; Bavol’ár and Orosová, 2015). ACT is a contemporary member of the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy family. ACT (Acceptance and commitment therapy) has both similar and different directions with Behavioral Therapies and Cognitive Therapies (Herbet and Forman, 2011; Hayes, 2004). KKT responds to classical behavioral treatments using both existential and cognitive approaches in the analysis of behavior. KKT is a science wing that tries to solve human problems with a wider perspective aimed at solving problematic human behaviors (Plumb, Stewart, Dahl and Lundgren, 2009). It is seen that there is very little research about the new approach of ACT approach when the aiming country of our country is screened and it is thought that our country will contribute to the field of psychological counseling with the work done. In the scope of the research, experimental and control groups and preliminary test, post-test and follow-up measurements of 2x3 experimental design were used. The study's study group consists of a total of 24 (12 experimental and 12 control groups) university students studying in different departments and levels, continuing their education in the academic year of 2015-2016 in Ağrı province and İbrahim Chechen University in 2015-2016 academic year. The average age of participants in the experiment and control group is 20. There were 12 participants in the experimental group, 7 female and 5 male, and 12 participants, 7 female and 5 male in the control group. Personal Information Form and Decision Making Style Scale prepared by the researcher were used in the research. In order to decide on the tests to be used in the course of analyzing the data, the scores of the participant's Decision Styles Scale pre-test, which are placed primarily in the experimental and control groups, it was analyzed whether the basic expectations of parametric tests were answered. As a result of the analysis made, the scores, skewness and kurtosis coefficients obtained from the Decision Making Styles Scale were given to the experimental and control groups. It was determined that the distribution was normal in the result of Shapiro-Wilk test, in which the skewness and kurtosis coefficients of each sub-scale were ranked between -1 and +1. Participants in the experimental and control groups; homogeneity test results for decision-style pre-test measurements indicate that the data are homogeneous. According to the results of the Mauchly Globalness Test, it has been determined that working supports the hypothesis. It was determined that there was no significant difference between the pre-test scores obtained from dependent decision-making style of experiment and control groups, but the test group showed lower mean scores at the significant level within the scores of post-test and follow-up tests. Therefore, it can be said that the ACT-oriented psychoeducation program applied to the experimental group reduces the dependent decision-making style scores from the decision style sub-dimensions and the psychoeducation program has a lasting effect. It was determined that there was no significant difference between pre-test, post-test and follow-up scores obtained from the Spontaneous-Instant Decision Style of experiment and control groups. Thus, it can be said that this situation does not cause a significant difference in the Spontaneous-Decision-Making Style scores from the decision style sub-dimensions of the ACT-oriented psychoeducation program applied to the experimental group. The ACT -oriented psychoeducation program had a decline in the intuitive decision-making styles of the individuals, but this decrease did not create significant differences. Thus, it can be said that this situation does not make a meaningful difference in the intuitive decision style scores from the decision style sub-dimensions of the KKT oriented psychoeducation program applied to the experimental group. The pre-test scores obtained from the rational decision-making style of the experimental and control groups showed that there was a difference between the post-test and the follow-up scores, but this difference was not significant. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the test group had higher levels of rational decision style than the pre - test scores in the post test and follow - up scores, whereas the post test and follow - up test scores in the control group rational decision style showed a decrease compared to the pre - test scores. the pre - test scores. Decision-making Styles Scale Avoidant Decision Making As a result of the analysis of the mean scores of the subscale scores of pre-test, post-test and follow-up measures, the group effect was found to be insignificant. It was determined that the experimental and control groups differed significantly from the pre-test scores obtained from the avoidant decision-making style but did not show any significant change within the scores of the post-test and follow-up tests. [O] . mustafa ercengiz, ali haydar şar 2018

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Experimental Support for an Immunological Approach to the Search for Life on Other Planets

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