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A survey and assessment of the capabilities of Cubesats for Earth observation

机译：对立方体卫星进行地球观测的能力的调查和评估

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In less than a decade, Cubesats have evolved from purely educational tools to a standard platform for technology demonstration and scientific instrumentation. The use of COTS (Commercial-Off-The-Shelf) components and the ongoing miniaturization of several technologies have already led to scattered instances of missions with promising scientific value. Furthermore, advantages in terms of development cost and development time with respect to larger satellites, as well as the possibility of launching several dozens of Cubesats with a single rocket launch, have brought forth the potential for radically new mission architectures consisting of very large constellations or clusters of Cubesats. These architectures promise to combine the temporal resolution of GEO missions with the spatial resolution of LEO missions, thus breaking a traditional tradeoff in Earth observation mission design. This paper assesses the current capabilities of Cubesats with respect to potential employment in Earth observation missions. A thorough review of Cubesat bus technology capabilities is performed, identifying potential limitations and their implications on 17 different Earth observation payload technologies. These results are matched to an exhaustive review of scientific requirements in the field of Earth observation, assessing the possibilities of Cubesats to cope with the requirements set for each one of 21 measurement categories. Based on this review, several Earth observation measurements are identified that can potentially be compatible with the current state-of-the-art of Cubesat technology although some of them have actually never been addressed by any Cubesat mission. Simultaneously, other measurements are identified which are unlikely to be performed by Cubesats in the next few years due to insuperable constraints. Ultimately, this paper is intended to supply a box of ideas for universities to design future Cubesat missions with high scientific payoff.
机译：在不到十年的时间里，Cubesats已从纯粹的教育工具演变为用于技术演示和科学仪器的标准平台。使用COTS（现成的商用）组件以及不断发展的小型化多种技术已经导致了分散的任务实例，具有可观的科学价值。此外，就大型卫星而言，在开发成本和开发时间方面的优势，以及通过一次火箭发射就可以发射数十个Cubesats的可能性，带来了由非常庞大的星座或大型卫星组成的全新任务架构的潜力。 Cubesats集群。这些架构有望将GEO任务的时间分辨率与LEO任务的空间分辨率相结合，从而打破了对地观测任务设计的传统权衡。本文评估了Cubesats当前在地球观测任务中潜在就业能力。对Cubesat总线技术的能力进行了全面的审查，确定了潜在的局限性及其对17种不同的地球观测有效载荷技术的影响。这些结果与对地球观测领域的科学要求的详尽回顾相匹配，评估了立方体卫星满足21种测量类别中每种类别所设定的要求的可能性。基于此审查，确定了几种地球观测测量结果，这些测量结果可能与Cubesat技术的最新技术兼容，尽管其中一些实际上并未被任何Cubesat任务解决。同时，由于无法克服的限制，确定了未来几年不太可能由Cubesats执行的其他测量。最终，本文旨在为大学提供一整套思路，以设计具有高科学效益的未来Cubesat任务。

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