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Biological component of life support systems for a crew in long-duration space expeditions

机译：长时间太空探险中乘员生命支持系统的生物组件

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Creation of effective life support systems (LSSs) is one of the main tasks of medico-biological support of long-duration space flight. Principles of development of such an LSS will be defined on the basis of number of parameters, including mass-overall and energetic limitations of interplanetary spacecraft, duration of expedition and crew size. It is obvious that including biological subsystems in LSS of long-duration interplanetary space flights will help to form a full-fledged environment for humans in the spacecraft. It would be an appropriate solution for long-term biological needs of humans and important for elimination of possible negative consequences of their long stay under artificial (abiogenous) environment. Experiments with higher plants, conducted on board "MIR" orbital complex and Russian segment of ISS, showed that plant organisms are capable of long-duration normal growth, full development and reproduction without deviations under real space flight environment. These results allow us to assume that greenhouses are potential candidates to be a biological subsystem to be included in the LSS for interplanetary space flight. Inclusion of greenhouse equipment in the spacecrafts will require a number of corrective actions in functional schemes of the existing LSS, i.e. it will lead to redistribution of material streams inside an LSS and increase in functional load of authorized systems. Furthermore, involvement of greenhouse in an LSS of an interplanetary spacecraft requires a number of technical tasks to be cleared. In the present review, we discuss the constructive, technological and mass-transfer characteristics of greenhouse as a component part of the LSS for crews of long-term interplanetary missions, in particular, Mars expedition.
机译：建立有效的生命支持系统（LSSs）是长期太空飞行的医学生物学支持的主要任务之一。将根据参数的数量来定义这种LSS的开发原理，这些参数包括行星际飞船的总体质量和能量限制，探险持续时间和机组人员规模。显然，在长途行星际太空飞行的LSS中包括生物子系统将有助于在航天器中形成人类的完整环境。这将是满足人类长期生物学需求的适当解决方案，并且对于消除人类在人工（非生物）环境下长期停留可能产生的负面影响非常重要。在“ MIR”轨道综合体和国际空间站的俄罗斯部分上进行的高等植物实验表明，植物有机体能够在正常的太空飞行环境下长期正常生长，充分发育和繁殖而不会发生偏差。这些结果使我们假设温室是潜在的候选者，可以成为要纳入星际空间飞行的LSS的生物子系统。在航天器中包括温室设备将需要在现有LSS的功能方案中采取许多纠正措施，即，这将导致LSS内部物质流的重新分配并增加授权系统的功能负荷。此外，温室参与行星际航天器的LSS要求清除许多技术任务。在当前的审查中，我们讨论了温室的建设性，技术性和传质特性，它是长期星际任务（尤其是火星探险）机组人员LSS的组成部分。

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